EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTION WITH ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIA

以前的研究已经证明了发病率之间的良好相关性 对抗原(PPD-B、PPD-G)有强烈反应的人 非典型(非结核)分支杆菌及其地理分布 天然水域中的这些菌株。因为土壤中含有更多 鸟分枝杆菌、胞内分枝杆菌和分枝杆菌。 马尾藻(MAIS)组比水、马尾藻在水和空气中可能起源 从土壤中。这项提案的一个目标将是测试 假设。尽管从环境中分离出来的MAIS菌株占主导地位 在美国东南部，那里的反应堆频率最高 到PPD-B和PPD-G存在，在人类分离株中遇到的血清型是 在环境菌株中发现，我们建议鉴定出大量的 MAIS菌株的流行病学标记(例如抗生素、染料、金属和 洗涤剂敏感性、质粒DNA含量与胞外合成 酶)，以便更有说服力地证明人类感染是由于 MAIS在环境中的菌株。重金属抗性已被证明是 在环境菌株中有独特的地理分布，这 建议测试从相同和不同的 各地区将检验这一假设。除了研究地理上的 MAIS毒株的发病率，我们建议调查相互作用和 MAIS生物在土壤中的行为。约5%的细胞添加到 土壤可以通过水萃取恢复，这表明有很强的 相互作用(疏水？)环境调查只代表了 5%的MAIS生物。事实上，水可以提取一些MAI 生物体表明，降雨预计将导致 水中的MAIS。我们对MAIS生理生态学的持续研究 已经证明盐度和温度是MAIS的决定因素 地理分布和色素、过氧化氢酶阳性的事实 东南部优势菌株表明，光和有毒 光产物和超氧化物和过氧化氢消耗酶可能是 参与MAIS生态研究。最后，由于中国的MAI数量很多 土壤，它们的生长和相互作用(吸附和洗脱)将被研究。 关于细胞表面特征、血清型和集落时相。

Previous studies have demonstrated a good correlation between the incidence of persons reacting strongly to antigens (PPD-B, PPD-G) prepared from atypical (nontuberculous) mycobacteria and the geographic distribution of these strains in natural waters. Because soil contains many more mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) group than water, MAIS in water and air may originate from soil. One objective of this proposal will be to test that hypothesis. Though MAIS strains isolated from the environment predominate in the southeastern United States, where the greatest frequency of reactors to PPD-B and PPD-G reside and serotypes encountered in human isolates are found in environmental strains, we propose to identify a large number of epidemiological markers of MAIS strains (e.g. antibiotic, dye, metal, and detergent sensitivity, plasmid DNA content and synthesis of extracellular enzymes) in order to prove more convincingly that human infection is due to MAIS strains in the environment. Heavy metal resistance has been shown to have a unique geographic distribution among environmental isolates, which suggests that testing human isolates recovered from the same and different regions will test the hypothesis. In addition to studying the geographic incidence of MAIS strains we propose to investigate the interaction and behavior of MAIS organisms in soil. Approximately 5% of cells added to soil can be recovered by aqueous extraction, suggesting there are strong interactions (hydrophobic?) and that environmental surveys only represent 5% of the MAIS organisms. The fact that water can extract some MAIS organisms indicates that rainfall is expected to lead to increases in water-borne MAIS. Our continuing studies of MAIS physiological ecology have demonstrated that salinity and temperature are determinants of MAIS geographic distribution and the fact that pigmented, catalase-positive strains predominate in the southeast indicates that light and toxic photoproducts and superoxide- and peroxide-consuming enzymes may be involved in MAIS ecology. Finally, because of the high numbers of MAIS in soil, their growth and interaction (adsorption and elution) will be studied with respect to cell surface characteristics, serotype and colonial phase.