Photovoltaic Technology based on Earth Abundant Materials - PVTEAM

为了满足2050年太瓦光伏发电（PV）容量的目标，太阳能组件将需要：制造成本低，碳足迹少，能源回收期短2。被纳入建筑一体化系统目前基于铜铟镓二硒化（CIGS）和碲化镉（CdTe）的薄膜光伏技术已经证明了它们满足前两个要求的潜力。这些技术目前以千兆瓦规模生产，约占全球光伏市场的10%。然而，活性层中存在的低丰度、高成本和高毒性关键元素（In、Ga和Cd）将严重限制该技术在未来几十年的推广。因此，材料替代和可扩展（非真空）加工技术的发展为英国抢占全球光伏市场的重要份额提供了难得的机会。PVTEAM的目标是基于地球上丰富的材料和可扩展的制造工艺，为可持续的薄膜光伏技术奠定基础。这将通过将材料和材料系统的工艺和生产技术发展到制造业可以采用的水平来实现。该计划涵盖材料规格和性能，集成到电池和迷你模块以及开发规模扩大所需的技术。PVTEAM将指定精心挑选的二元，三元和四元硫族化合物和氧化物的范围，以替代经验证的商业材料。使用多层次筛选方法，我们将基于“衬底”和“衬底”配置将表现最佳的候选材料纳入工业过程。该联盟包括五所大学，拥有最先进的基础设施，用于材料开发和表征，以及设备制造、测试和集成到光伏模块中。材料加工将以可持续产品工程中心（SPECIFIC）现有的设施为基础，该中心将负责设计扩大战略和编制技术经济评估。PVTEAM的工业合作伙伴，塔塔钢铁，皮尔金顿NSG和庄信万丰，在建筑，涂料和化学工业的材料方面拥有全球足迹。该联盟还包括sme， M-Solve和Semimetrics，这将为在模块制造和计量中开发新的PVTEAM技术提供手段。

To meet teraWatt photovoltaic (PV) capacity targets for 2050, solar modules will require:1. Low manufacturing costs and carbon footprint as well as short energy payback time2. To be incorporated into building-integrated systems3. To be based on low-cost abundant elements Current thin-film PV technologies based on copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) have already demonstrated their potential to deliver on the first two requirements. These technologies are currently manufactured at the GW scale, with approximately 10% of the PV market worldwide. However, low abundance, high costs and high toxicity of key elements (In, Ga and Cd) present in active layers are set to severely limit the expansion of this technology in the next decades. Consequently, material substitution and the development of scalable (non-vacuum) processing technologies represent an extraordinary opportunity for the UK to grab an important share of the global photovoltaic market.The aim of PVTEAM is to lay the foundations of sustainable thin-film PV technology based on Earth abundant materials and scalable manufacturing processes. This will be achieved by developing processes and production technologies for materials and material systems to a level they can be taken up by manufacturing industries. This programme covers material specifications and performance, integration into cells and mini-modules as well as developing the technologies required for scale up. PVTEAM will specify a carefully selected range of binary, ternary and quaternary chalcogenides and oxides as substitutes to proven commercial materials. Using a multi-level screening approach, we will incorporate the best performing candidates into industrial processes based on "substrate" and "superstrate" configurations. The consortium involves five universities with state-of-the-art infrastructure for material development and characterisation as well as for device fabrication, testing and integration into PV modules. Material processing will be based on facilities available at the Sustainable Product Engineering Centre (SPECIFIC), which will be in charge of designing scale-up strategies and preparing techno-economic assessment. The PVTEAM industrial partners, Tata Steel, Pilkington NSG and Johnson Matthey, have a worldwide footprint on materials for the construction, coating and chemical industries. The consortium also includes SMEs, M-Solve and Semimetrics, which will provide means for the exploitation of new PVTEAM technologies in module fabrication and metrology.