Accessible Routes from Crowdsourced Cloud Services (ARCCS)

目前，英国约有100万人坐在轮椅上，随着人口老龄化，这一数字还在不断增加。在过去的20年里，尽管进入建筑物的途径得到了改善，但坐轮椅的人在旅行过程中遇到了相当大的困难--无论是使用公共交通还是自己从A到B。由于需要在非理想的环境中旅行而导致的手臂和肩膀的过度使用导致受伤和长期功能丧失，加剧了旅行的困难。技术已经发展到可以在物联网部署中将传感器系统与通信、数据存储和机器学习算法相结合的程度，使我们能够自动描述环境并测量通过环境的过程。因此，现在可以设想一个系统，其中来自自动数据捕获的信息，加上主观输入和旅行建议的数据馈送，可以以尊重轮椅用户特定残疾的方式向轮椅用户提供导航信息。ARCS项目的目标是设计一个能够从一大群人那里捕获已知质量的数据的系统，通过采用一种从黄金标准测量到从不同质量和连接方式的移动电话传感器收集数据的方法，所有这些都是在野外进行的。就其本身而言，这些数据将成为科学界的独特资源，为轮椅使用者带来潜在的好处。利用这些数据，我们建议开发技术(I)分析和向最终用户提供信息，以帮助他们以个性化的方式导航，并尊重他们特定的残疾；(Ii)向城市规划者提供关于环境问题和潜在原因或它们之间的共性的反馈，目的是以循证的方式改进设计实践。ARCCS是具有挑战性的工程和使用工程系统进行科学研究的可接受性和影响，从而推动变革。ARCCS涉及物联网技术的设计-主要专注于高质量的传感、数据存储和通信，而不是驱动。该系统取代了自动控制，旨在向用户提供信息，使他们能够作出更好的选择，或者确实有助于收集更多的信息，以造福社会。所有的工作都将在野外进行，所有的用户群体都将参与其中，他们的角色将从参与式设计和系统引导到使用和评估。这项建议是根据轮椅使用者本身发现的问题而制订的，而这些问题是我们透过我们在这方面的现有活动向我们传达的。鉴于让轮椅使用者更容易获得健全人士认为理所当然的地方和服务的社会和经济重要性，我们打算使这项计划成为一项深入开放的计划。我们将把物联网硬件和软件作为开源材料发布，并在获得伦理批准的情况下，提供适当的未识别数据，供社区内进一步研究。

There are, at present, of the order of 1 million people in wheelchairs in the UK and the number is growing as the population ages. Whilst access to buildings has been improved in the past 20 years, people in wheelchairs experience considerable difficulty in the process of travel - whether that is in using public transport or in getting from A to B by wheeling themselves. The overuse of the arms and shoulders that results from the need to travel in non-ideal environments results in injuries and long-term loss of function, exacerbating the difficulties of travel.Technology has evolved to the point where it is possible to combine sensor systems, with communications, data storage and machine learning algorithms in an IoT deployment to allow us automatically to characterise the environment and to measure the process of moving through it. As a consequence, it is now possible to envision a system in which information from automated data capture, coupled with subjective input and data feeds of travel advice, can be combined to provide navigation information to wheelchair users in a way that respects their specific disability.The aim of the ARCSS project is to devise a system capable of capturing data of known quality from a large a group of people, by adopting an approach that moves from gold standard measurement through to the collection of data from mobile phone sensors of variable quality and means of attachment, all of it in the wild. By itself, this data will be a unique resource for the scientific community, to the potential benefit of wheelchair users. Using this data, we propose to develop techniques (i) for analysing and presenting information to end users to help them navigate in a way that is personalised and respects their particular disability; (ii) for providing feedback to urban planners about problems in the environment and potential causes or commonalities between them, with the aim of improving design practice in an evidence-based manner.ARCCS is a fusion of challenging engineering and the use of the engineered systems to conduct scientific studies of acceptability and influence, and so to motivate change. ARCCS involves the design of IoT technologies - primarily focussed on high-quality sensing, data storage and communications rather than actuation. In place of automatic control, the system is designed to provide information to users to allow them to make better choices or, indeed, to contribute to the collection of further information for the general benefit of society. All of the work will be conducted in the wild and all will involve user groups whose role will range from participatory design and system bootstrapping to use and evaluation. This proposal has been developed in the light of problems that have been identified by the wheelchair-using community themselves, as communicated to us through our existing activities in this area.Given the social and economic importance of allowing wheelchair users better access to places and services that able-bodied people take for granted, it is our intention to make this a profoundly open project. We will publish both the IoT hardware and software as open-source materials, and, subject to ethical approval, appropriately de-identified data will be made available for further research within the community.