CARDyAL: Cooperative Aerodynamics and Radio-based DYnamic Animal Localisation

CARDyAL项目的主要科学目标在于：(I)创造能够精确定位的超轻型传感设备所固有的挑战；(Ii)在基于GPS的定位技术不适合的一系列不同环境中使用这些设备来测量合作动物群体的动态变化的相对位置；(Iii)使用适当的生理数据将动态行为与合作流体动力学、能量学和社会生物学的科学问题联系起来；以及(Iv)使用所测量的关于团队组织的信息来告知粒子群优化模型，该模型将被用作降低该应用领域内外的能量消耗的潜在方法。目前，进行这种测量并在这些领域进行科学研究的能力非常有限，实现这一目标的问题在研究和工程方面都是具有挑战性的，而且可能取决于为其创造特定解决方案的环境。然而，这种技术的应用是众多的，多种多样的，对生物科学界和广大公众具有重要的科学和战略意义。在这个项目中开发的技术旨在内在地可转让：标签的硬件和软件基础能够相对本地化(A)在室内(B)在长期部署中(C)在高动态环境中，可应用于其他动物模型--出于保护、生态、福利或流行病学的目的了解群体的动态--以及用于监测人类，以更好地进行设施管理、工作场所设计、应急服务和军事用途等。数据简化和分析方法适用于一系列情况，其中动态和社会结构是重要的，并且真实生物数据和所导出的PSO模型之间的关系具有很大的科学意义，并且潜在地适用于在计算机图形工业中更准确地表示群体运动的许多类型的优化问题，例如能量最小化，以及在路径规划和控制中的各种类型的群体机器人中。在生物学方面，这项技术在可用形式因素中的可用性允许以一种目前不可能的方式进行研究，因此，允许提出目前无法回答的科学问题。因此，CARDyAL涉及轻量级无线传感和无线定位领域的研究和工程，如果没有实际应用领域的限制和需求，这些领域将缺乏专用性，它涉及动物科学领域的研究，如果没有传感设备及其相关算法，就不可能进行这些研究。在每个领域都有进步，如果没有对方的积极参与，这些进步是不可能取得的，这种相互依赖天生既是转化性的(高风险的)，也是高回报的，因为它建立在一个真正的共生研究方案上，在这两个研究领域中，没有一个是占主导地位的。

The primary scientific objectives of the CARDyAL project lie (i) in the challenges inherent in creating very lightweight sensing devices capable of accurate localisation; (ii) in the use of those devices in measuring the dynamically changing relative location of a cooperative group of animals in a range of different contexts for which GPS-based localisation techniques are inappropriate; (iii) relating that dynamic behaviour to scientific questions of cooperative fluid dynamics, energetics, and social biology using appropriate physiological data; and (iv) using the measured information about team organisation to inform a particle swarm optimisation model that will be used as a potential way of reducing energy consumption within and outside this application domain. The ability to make such measurements, and thus to undertake science in these areas, is currently very limited and the problem of achieving this is both challenging in research and engineering terms, and likely to be dependent on the environment for which the particular solutions are created. However, the applications for such technologies are numerous, varied and of significant scientific and strategic importance to the biological sciences community and to the public at large.The technology developed in this project is intended to be inherently transferrable: the hardware and software base for tags capable of relative localisation (a) indoors (b) in long-term deployments (c) in high dynamic environments has applications both to other animal models - understanding the dynamics of groups for purposes of conservation, ecology, welfare or epidemiology - and to the monitoring of humans for better facilities management, workplace design, emergency service and military use, amongst other things. The data reduction and analysis methodologies are applicable to a range of situations in which dynamic and social structure is important, and the relationship between true biological data and a derived PSO model is of substantial scientific interest, and of potential applicability to optimisation problems of many sorts, e.g. energy minimisation, in the computer graphics industry in terms of more accurately representing swarm movements, and in swarm robotics of various types, in path planning and control. In terms of the biology, the availability of this technology in a usable form factor allows research to be performed in a way that is not currently possible, and, consequently, allows the potential to ask scientific questions that are not currently capable of being answered.Thus CARDyAL involves research and engineering in the field of lightweight wireless sensing and wireless localisation that would lack specificity without the constraints and demands of a real application domain, and it involves research in the field of animal sciences that it would not be possible to conduct without the sensing devices and their associated algorithms. There are advances to be made in each of the fields that could not be made without the active engagement of the other and this co-dependency is innately both translational (high risk) and high reward since it is founded on a truly symbiotic programme of research in which neither of the constituent research fields dominates.