Ultra-Supercritical (USC) steam power generation technology with Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB): Combustion, Materials and Modelling (USC-CFB-CMM)

为了实现英国的宏伟目标，即到2050年将温室气体排放量减少80%，而不影响能源安全，英国的传统发电厂必须在高效率方面以灵活的方式运行，使用替代燃料（例如生物质）和整合碳减排技术（例如碳捕获和储存，CCS）。国际能源署2013年对最先进的固体燃料常规发电技术现状进行的主要审查明确表明，超超临界（USC）蒸汽朗肯循环发电与循环流化床（CFB）燃烧技术相结合是基于粉煤（PC）的超超临界（USC）发电的最可行替代方案。此外，USC/CFB与USC/PC相比具有许多优点，特别是在燃料灵活性方面。然而，USC-CFB技术的发展仍面临许多基础研究和技术挑战。特别是，当燃烧各种固体燃料时，与CFB锅炉安全稳定运行相关的燃烧问题尚未完全理解，并且非常需要开发能够科普与USC/CFB操作相关的不利条件的新型材料。该联盟汇集了来自利兹大学的国际公认的研究专家，在阿尔斯通、斗山巴布科克、福斯特惠勒和意昂等工业合作伙伴及其国际学术合作伙伴清华大学的大力支持下，我们与诺丁汉和沃里克在常规发电、流化床燃烧、电厂材料、建模和控制领域开展了合作。该项目旨在通过开展研究，解决燃烧，材料和建模方面的关键挑战，最大限度地提高USC/CFB在发电效率，燃料灵活性（包括生物质）以及与CO2捕获的整合方面的效益。具体的项目目标是：（1）了解各种燃料的燃烧如何影响床料结块、锅炉热交换器管结垢和腐蚀以及排放物（2）了解USC/CFB中恶劣条件对铁素体、奥氏体和镍基材料抗蠕变和抗氧化/腐蚀性的影响，并利用所获得的知识开发涂层，使这些材料能够承受更高的温度和压力（3）研究对燃烧的额外影响，（4）为了开发一个完整的USC/CFB系统，循环流化床动力装置动态模型，并利用该模型研究优化过程操作策略，以获得更高的效率和更好的燃料灵活性，以实现提出的研究目的和目标，并解决根本挑战，由实验研究和模型研究组成的四个相互关联的工作包将被完成：（1）工作包1--通过实验室和中试规模的燃烧试验来研究循环流化床的燃烧问题;（2）工作包2--在候选材料上评估超临界/循环流化床的恶劣条件;（3）工作包3--表面工程涂层的开发和涂层合金的机械测试;（4）工作包4--超临界/循环流化床系统的模型

To achieve the UK's ambitious target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 without compromising energy security, the UK's conventional power plants must be operated in a flexible manner in terms of high efficiency, using alternative fuels (e.g. biomass) and integrating technologies for carbon abatement (e.g. Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS). Major reviews conducted by International Energy Agency in 2013 on the current status of the most advanced solid fuel-based conventional power generation technologies clearly show that ultra-supercritical (USC) steam Rankine cycle power generation combined with Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) combustion technology is the most viable alternative to the pulverised coal (PC)-based USC power generation. In addition, USC/CFB has a number of advantages over USC/PC, particularly regarding fuel flexibility. However, there are still many fundamental research and technical challenges facing the development of USC-CFB technology. In particular, combustion issues related to safe and stable operation of CFB boilers when burning a variety of solid fuels are not yet fully understood and there is a great need to develop novel materials that will be able to cope with adverse conditions associated with USC/CFB operations.This consortium brings together internationally recognised research experts from Universities of Leeds, Nottingham and Warwick in the fields of conventional power generation, fluidized bed combustion, power plant materials, modelling and control with the strong supports of industrial partners in Alstom, Doosan Babcock, Foster Wheeler and E.ON and its international academic partner - Tsinghua University. The project proposed aims to maximize the benefits of USC/CFB in terms of power generation efficiency, fuel flexibility including biomass and integration with CO2 capture by conducting research that addresses the key challenges in combustion, materials and modelling. The specific project objectives are:(1) To understand how the combustion of a variety of fuels affects bed material agglomeration, fouling and corrosion of boiler heat exchanger tubes and emissions(2) To understand the influence of the hostile conditions in USC/CFB in terms of creep and oxidation/corrosion resistance on ferritic, austenitic and Ni-based materials and to use the knowledge gained to develop coatings, enablng these materials to withstand the higher temperatures and pressures(3) To investigate the additional impacts on combustion, emissions and materials when a USC/CFB is operating in the oxy-fuel combustion mode(4) To develop a whole USC/CFB power plant dynamic model and to use the model to study optimal process operation strategies for higher efficiencies and better fuel flexibilityTo achieve the proposed research aim and objectives and address the fundamental challenges, four inter-connected work packages composed of experimental and modelling studies will be completed:(1) WP1 - Investigating CFB combustion issues through combustion tests at laboratory- and pilot-scales(2) WP2 - Evaluating hostile conditions of USC/CFB on candidate materials(3) WP3 - Development of surface engineered coatings & mechanical testing of coated alloys(4) wp4 - USC/CFB system modelling