VISUAL CORTEX: CELLULAR BASIS FOR NORADRENERGIC ACTIONS

去甲肾上腺素（NE）在视觉和其他神经系统中发挥多种作用。 新皮质区 NE的集体行动对于 协调周围交感神经活动和目标导向 由外部刺激引起的行为。 三个基础广泛的光 并提出了电镜免疫细胞化学研究 以确定可能的细胞基质的多样性， 视觉皮层的去甲肾上腺素能活动。 具体而言是 层流分布和亚细胞位点的终止 儿茶酚胺能（CA）传入及其与B- 肾上腺素能受体（BAR）或其他四种假定的 递质，乙酰胆碱（Ach），GABA，神经肽Y（NPY）和 检查血管活性肠肽（VIP）。 过氧化物酶- 抗过氧化物酶和/或免疫放射自显影标记方法将 可用于定位抗 儿茶酚胺和乙酰胆碱合成酶，BAR和 后三个发射机。 猫将是主要的实验对象 动物，因为绝大多数关于视觉的文献 生理学和发育可塑性已经建立， 这个物种。 具体目标是确定： (1)是否 CA末端在它们与（a）的关系中表现出异质性， 靶位点（即核周对树突对轴突）或（B） BAR的定位（即神经元与神经胶质，突触前与 突触后与连接外）;（2）是否胆碱能末梢 与CA终端具有特定的蜂窝关系;以及（3）是否 含有GABA、NPY或VIP的神经元在 它们与CA终端或其他未标记的 神经元 通过关联超微结构鉴定的位点， 细胞关联及其与光的相对频率 显微镜下识别的椎板位置、功能和 这些递质的细胞结构相互关系应该 开始浮现。 这些信息对于理解 视觉和其他感官知觉的机制 并且可能在理解后果方面具有临床相关性 在发育过程中的感觉剥夺。

Norepinephrine (NE) exerts diverse actions in visual and other neocortical areas. The collective actions of NE are important for coordinating peripheral sympathetic activities and goal-directed behaviors evoked by external stimuli. Three broadly based light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies are proposed to determine possible cellular substrates for the diversity of noradrenergic actions in the visual cortex. Specifically, the laminar distribution and subcellular sites of termination of catecholaminergic (CA) afferents and their relation to the B- adrenergic receptor (BAR) or one of four other putative transmitters, acetylcholine (Ach), GABA, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) will be examined. Peroxidase- antiperoxidase and/or immunoautoradiographic labeling methods will be used to localize antigenic sites for antisera against the catecholamine- and acetylcholine-synthesizing enzymes, BAR and the latter three transmitters. Cat will be the primary experimental animal, because the vast majority of the literature on visual physiology and developmental plasticity has been established in this species. The specific goals are to determine: (1) whether the CA terminals exhibit heterogeneity in their relations to (a) the target sites (i.e. perikaryal vs dendritic vs axonal) or (b) the localization of BAR, (i.e. neuronal vs glial, presynaptic vs postsynaptic vs extrajunctional); (2) whether cholinergic terminals have specific cellular relations to CA terminals; and (3) whether neurons containing GABA, NPY or VIP show laminar variations in their cellular associations with CA terminals or other unlabeled neurons. By correlating the ultrastructurally identified sites of cellular associations and their relative frequencies with light microscopically identified laminar positions, the functional and cytoarchitectonic interrelationship of these transmitters should begin to emerge. This information is important for understanding the mechanism of vision and other modalities of sensory perception and may be of clinical relevance in understanding the consequences of sensory deprivation during development.