LOCALIZED MRNA IN XENOPUS DEVELOPMENT

一个长期存在的关于控制发展的理论 从受精卵到胚胎是母体分子，即 受精前卵子中是否存在分子，引导 早期胚胎发生的事件。通过母体的本地化 分子到卵子的特定区域，这些细胞产生于 卵子的卵裂继承了不同的母体分子， 赋予他们独特的身份，并赋予他们明确的 发展能力。了解的功能角色 定位的母体分子被视为一种理解 控制早期发育。 有许多实验结果证实了 本地化的母体分子。最近一类人的成员 信使核糖核酸(信使核糖核酸)的定位分子已被鉴定 并进行了克隆。最近的这些成功鼓励了对 以本地化的信使核糖核酸作为理解 定位的母体分子的作用。实验系统 将使用的是青蛙，非洲爪哇。 在将被解决的问题中，有一点是 编码这些mrna的基因的转录受到控制。 将对基因的初级序列进行检查 相同点和不同点，以及假定的转录 将研究卵母细胞发育期间的控制区和 胚胎发生，以发现影响他们两者的因素 激活和压抑。这些研究应该会带来更好的 对调节母体和胚胎的因素的理解 抄写。 信使核糖核酸通过被翻译成蛋白质来发挥作用。这个 蛋白质的时间外观和胚胎定位 本地化mRNAs的产物也将被检测。这些 蛋白质将使用识别它们的抗体进行可视化， 通过阐明它们的相似性来研究它们的功能 已知功能的蛋白质通过结构分析和 回到发育中的胚胎中来检查它们的影响 当错位、突变或比 通常在胚胎中发现。 最后，只有少数局部化的mRNA被分离出来 约会。隔离这一类母体的新成员 分子，来自卵子和胚胎的不同区域 这是必要的。这些新分子将被鉴定和分离 母源RNA来源的cDNAlambda的差异筛选 图书馆。

One long standing theory concerning the control of development from fertilized egg into embryo is that maternal molecules, that is molecules present in the egg prior to fertilization, direct the events of early embryogenesis. By localization of maternal molecules to specific regions of the egg, the cells that result from cleavage of the egg inherit different sets of maternal molecules, giving them a unique identity and endowing them with defined developmental capacity. Understanding the functional role of localized maternal molecules is viewed as a way to understand control of early development. There are many experimental results confirming the existence of localized maternal molecules. Recently members of one class of localized molecule, messenger RNA (mRNA) have been identified and cloned. These recent successes encourages the study of localized mRNA as a starting point towards understanding the role of localized maternal molecules. The experimental system that will be used is the frog, Xenopus laevis. Among the questions that will be addressed, is the way the transcription of the genes encoding these mRNA are controlled. The primary sequence of the genes will be examined for similarities and differences, and the putative transcriptional control regions will be studied during oocyte development and embryogenesis to discover the factor that influence both their activation and repression. These studies should lead to a better understanding of what regulates maternal and embryonic transcription. mRNA exert their role by being translated into proteins. The temporal appearance, and embryonic localization of the protein products of the localized mRNAs will also be examined. These proteins will be visualized using antibodies that recognize them, their functions studied both by elucidating their similarity to proteins of known function by structural analysis, and by introduction back into developing embryos to examine their affect when mislocalized, mutated, or in greater abundance than normally found in the embryo. Finally, only a handful of localized mRNAs have been isolated to date. The isolation of new members of this class of maternal molecule, from different regions of the egg and embryo is necessary. These new molecules will be identified and isolated by differential screening of maternal RNA derived cDNA lambda libraries.