Realising Energy Storage Technologies in Low-carbon Energy Systems (RESTLESS)

该项目旨在了解新的储能技术如何最好地融入未来不断发展的低碳英国能源系统。它将确定技术、环境、公众接受程度、经济和政策问题，并将提出克服部署障碍的解决办法，由于电力越来越多地由高度可变的可再生能源和相对不灵活的核电站产生，作为平衡电力系统的一种手段，使用高度灵活的化石燃料发电的替代品将变得越来越有价值。为了满足这一需求，许多电力储存技术正在开发中，随着储存成本的降低，它们可能在低碳能源系统中发挥重要作用。储能超级发电中心正在制定英国储能路线图，这将是该项目的起点。电网规模储能对电力系统的价值已经在某些情况下进行了评估。对于仅包括可再生能源和核能发电的极端情况，价值可能很大。然而，储能对英国的价值取决于通过更大的欧洲互联、需求侧电力响应和更广泛的能源系统存储来分担电力不平衡的成本和收益，而在整个能源系统的不同层面整合储能的最佳方法还没有得到很好的理解。该项目将采用比现有项目更广泛的方法，通过考虑能源系统场景，其中存储选项在整个能源系统中更加集成，使用一系列软链接能源和电力系统模型。需求侧响应和增加互联将被视为反事实的技术，减少了对存储的需求。三个广泛的假设将在这个项目中进行调查：（i）一个整体的能源系统的方法ES是必要的，以充分了解不同的技术可能有助于创新降低成本和英国能源系统的演变;一系列技术、经济和社会因素影响环境服务的价值，因此在能源系统设想方案中应考虑所有这些因素;并且，在本发明中，（iii）与能源储存在向低-将采用一种超越大多数研究所采用的技术经济方法的更广泛的多学科方法来全面评估能源储存的价值。因此，该项目还将首次研究公众可接受性问题，使用生命周期分析比较存储技术的环境影响，并研究围绕市场设计的重要经济问题，以实现消费者提供的存储服务的价值。所有这些分析都将得到开发ES技术的技术中立指标的支持，以告知项目建模工作和更广泛的科学界。这些多学科的考虑将结合在一系列综合的未来储能方案中，以确定无悔的技术。该项目将通过研究这些情景对英国政府政策，能源监管和研究优先事项的影响来结束。这些分析将仅是技术性的，以确定能源存储的要求，绝对没有偏向或反对任何类别的存储技术。

This project aims to understand how novel energy storage technologies might best be integrated into an evolving, lower-carbon UK energy system in the future. It will identify technical, environmental, public acceptability, economic and policy issues, and will propose solutions to overcome barriers to deployment.As electricity is increasingly generated by highly-variable renewables and relatively inflexible nuclear power stations, alternatives to the use of highly-flexible fossil-fuelled generation as a means of balancing the electricity system will become increasingly valuable. Numerous technologies for storing electricity are under development to meet this demand, and as the cost of storage is reduced through innovation, it is possible that they could have an important role in a low-carbon energy system. The Energy Storage Supergen Hub is producing a UK roadmap for energy storage that will be the starting point for this project.The value of grid-scale storage to the electricity system has been assessed for some scenarios. For extreme cases comprising only renewable and nuclear generation, the value is potentially substantial. However, the value of energy storage to the UK depends on the costs and benefits relative to sharing electricity imbalances through greater European interconnection, demand-side electricity response, and wider energy system storage, and the optimal approaches to integrating energy storage at different levels across the whole energy system are not well understood. This project will take a broader approach than existing projects by considering energy system scenarios in which storage options are more integrated across the whole energy system, using a series of soft-linked energy and electricity system models. Demand-side response and increased interconnection will be considered as counterfactual technologies that reduces the need for storage.Three broad hypotheses will be investigated in this project: (i) that a whole energy system approach to ES is necessary to fully understand how different technologies might contribute as innovation reduces costs and as the UK energy system evolves; (ii) that a range of technological, economic and social factors affect the value of ES, so should all be considered in energy system scenarios; and, (iii) that the economic value of the difference between good and bad policy decisions relating to the role of energy storage in the transition to low-carbon generation is in the order of £bns.A broader, multidisciplinary approach, which extends beyond the techno-economic methodologies that are adopted by most studies, will be used to fully assess the value of energy storage. This project will therefore also examine public acceptability issues for the first time, compare the environmental impacts of storage technologies using life-cycle analyses, and examine important economic issues surrounding market design to realise the value of storage services provided by consumers. All of these analyses will be underpinned by the development of technology-neutral metrics for ES technologies to inform the project modelling work and the wider scientific community. These multidisciplinary considerations will be combined in a series of integrated future scenarios for energy storage to identify no-regrets technologies. The project will conclude by examining the implications of these scenarios for UK Government policy, energy regulation and research priorities. The analyses will be technical only to the point of identifying the requirements for energy storage, with absolutely no bias towards or against any classes of storage technology.