Solar Powered Thermochemical Energy Storage

由于英国建筑消耗了大量能源，政府减少碳排放的目标要求到2050年在这一领域减少80%的能源，这一点并不令人惊讶。热化学(即基于水吸收的)蓄热(THS)在建筑中同步能源需求和供应方面发挥着关键作用。要将现有的英国建筑存量转变为净零能源建筑，需要有效整合和充分利用可再生能源的潜在产量。储热是采取这一步骤的一个关键优先事项，特别是对于需要紧凑型建筑物级解决方案的现有库存的能源更新而言。热能存储可以使用显热存储(SHS)、潜热存储(LHS)或THS来实现。在这些方法中，在相同存储体积的基础上，THS具有比SHS高约6-10倍的存储密度，并且比LHS材料高两倍。在THS中，热化学能可以独立于时间储存，没有任何热量损失，允许太阳能在夏季储存，以满足冬季的供暖需求。通过其他蓄热方法来实现这一点既复杂又昂贵。拟议的项目将提供先进的太阳能THS系统，该系统在至少20年的多周期季节性使用中具有稳定的长期性能。该系统将包含环境友好和安全的材料，并且将是紧凑的，能够在现有住房存量中有限的空间以及在新建筑中进行安装。虽然太阳能季节性储存的目的是在拟议的项目中(例如，V=3-4立方米)，但也可以将其设计为短期储存(3-4天)，只需调整THS反应堆的大小(例如，V=0.1-0.2立方米)。拟议的蓄热系统将显著节省能源(超过50%)并减少二氧化碳排放，与目前最先进的技术相比，最高回收期为5年。该项目将THS的多个单元与太阳能空气集热器相结合，以优化这些技术的性能，在新的和现有的英国建筑中提供季节性蓄热，具有：(A)低成本；(B)更高的性能；(C)更高的可用性；(D)更高的耐用性；(E)改善现场的健康和安全；(F)高效的吸附和解吸过程(G)高太阳能贡献率和(F)计算机设计工具的实施。目标是开发一种具有以下技术优势的创新、高效的热化学能量存储系统：*THS反应器的理论和方法将多个吸附床与中空纤维膜结合在一起，采用独特的设计，提高了效率和可靠性，从而改进了现有技术，提高了系统能量性能。膜纤维/反应器系统的基本传热/传质公式和模型。*新型蒸发式加湿器与热管模型相结合的理论和方法，以利用地面能量来减少水的蒸发，并增加对系统的能量输入。*高效太阳能空气集热器驱动系统并实现高效吸收和解吸过程的理论和方法。*新型和安全的纳米复合吸收剂的特性和适应，减少与新能源储存概念相关的障碍。*先进的信息和通信技术优化控制、数据/性能监测和能源管理系统的理论和方法*该项目为英国工业提供了一个率先开发新的先进能源储存技术的机会。它将提供可持续、环境和成本效益高的解决方案，显著减少能源消耗和二氧化碳/温室气体排放。该项目将在解决燃料贫困和提高公民生活质量方面为英国做出卓越贡献。

As considerable energy is consumed by UK buildings, not surprisingly, the Government targets for reducing carbon emissions require an 80% energy reduction in this area by 2050. Thermochemical (i.e. water sorption-based) heat storage (THS) can play a pivotal role in synchronizing energy demand and supply in buildings. Transformation of the existing British building stock towards net zero energy buildings requires effective integration and full use of the potential yield of renewable energy. Thermal storage is a key priority to make such a step, particularly for the energy renovation of the existing stock, where compact building level solutions are required. Thermal energy storage can be accomplished using sensible heat storage (SHS), latent heat storage (LHS) or THS. Over these methods THS has approximately 6-10 times higher storage density than SHS, and two times higher than LHS materials when compared on a like for like storage volume basis. In THS, thermochemical energy can be stored independent of the time without any heat loss, permitting solar energy storage during the summer to meet heating demand in winter. Achieving this by other heat storage methods is both complex and expensive. The proposed project will deliver an advanced solar powered THS system, which has stable long term performance in multi-cyclic seasonal use of at least 20 years. The system will contain environmental friendly and safe materials and will be compact, enabling installation in the limited space available in the existing housing stock and as well in the new buildings. Although seasonal storage of solar energy is intended within the proposed project (e.g. V=3-4 m3), it is also possible to design it as short term storage (3-4 days) only with resizing the THS reactor (e.g. V=0.1-0.2 m3). The proposed thermal storage system will lead to significant energy savings (greater than 50%) and CO2 emissions reduction, with a maximum payback of 5 years compared to the current state-of-the-art.The project integrates multiple units of THS with solar air collectors to optimise the performance of these technologies providing seasonal heat storage in both the new and existing UK buildings that has: (a) low cost; (b) higher performance; (c) higher availability; (d) higher durability; (e) improved on-site health and safety; (f) efficient sorption and desorption processes (g) high solar contribution and (f) implementation of the computer design tools. The target is the development of an innovative, highly efficient thermochemical energy storage system with the following technical advantages:* The theory and methodology of the THS reactor incorporating multiple sorption beds with hollow fibre membranes in a unique design that increases efficiency and reliability, thereby improving the current technologies and increasing system energy performance. Fundamental heat/mass transfer formulation and model for membrane fibre/reactor system.* Theory and methodology for the novel evaporative humidifier integrated with heat pipe model for utilizing ground energy to ease evaporation of water and enhancing energy input to the system. * Theory and methodology for the highly efficient solar air collectors to drive the system and achieve efficient sorption and desorption processes.* The characterisation and adaptation of new and safety improved nano-composite sorbents, reducing barriers associated with new energy storage concepts.* The theory and methodology for the advanced ICT optimized control, data/performance monitoring and energy management systemThe project provides an opportunity for UK industries to pioneer the development of a new advanced energy storage technology. It will deliver a sustainable, environmental and cost-effective solution to significantly reduce energy consumption and CO2/GHG emissions. The project will contribute to UK excellence in terms of addressing fuel poverty and improving the quality of life for its citizens.