CCS from Industrial clusters and their Supply chains (CCSInSupply)

工业占欧盟二氧化碳排放量的25%，其中约60%的排放来自能源密集型化工、炼油、水泥、钢铁和水泥行业。这些加工厂的产品是全球经济的基础，但许多相应的制造工艺正在（或接近）其最大的实际效率。这降低了未来任何提高效率措施在减少整个部门二氧化碳排放总量方面的影响。工业碳捕集与封存（ICCS）被国际能源署（IEA）认为是工业部门脱碳的“最重要技术”。这项技术与工业加工厂相结合，分离出二氧化碳，并将其运输到合适的地点进行长期地下储存。虽然ICCS的许多关键组件已经在试点项目中得到了验证，但由于开发二氧化碳捕获、运输和储存基础设施的资本成本很高，因此部署一个完整的系统仍然是一个挑战。解决这些问题的一个有效手段是通过发展工业加工厂的区域集群来分担负担，这些工厂都纳入一个共同的CCS网络，该项目汇集了来自纽卡斯尔大学、帝国理工学院和剑桥大学的强大学术团队，并得到了国际能源署、工业技术专家、各种CCS集群和示范点的重要技术支持。该项目将是第一个评估全球计划的多个潜在ICCS集群并评估其对产品和消费者的影响的项目。它将主要集中在英国Teesside计划的一个集群，其中包括炼钢炉，氨制造厂，氢重整设施和化工厂。它将整理来自美国和欧洲许多试点示范的技术数据，以更全面地了解其他相关能源密集型加工厂（如炼油厂和水泥生产厂）所需的操作。这些技术数据将用于开发一套软件设计工具，用于规划犯罪分类集群，并开发优化其运作的手段。此外，将开发一套强大的经济分析工具，以支持评估与该技术相关的经济和成本，并将通过全面的外联和公众参与活动评估对供应链的影响。将开发新的低碳产品的想法，并评估其成本。这一进程将包括调查和焦点小组，以获得在计划的商品分类集群供应链中运作的主要利益攸关方的意见和数据。这将包括与企业对企业客户的定期沟通，直到最终用户和消费者。这将用于更好地了解对这些潜在低碳产品的态度，并评估在多种碳定价/政策情景下消费者拉动的力度。

Industry is responsible for 25% of carbon dioxide emissions from the European Union with around 60% of these emissions coming from the energy-intensive chemical, petrol refining, cement, steel and cement industries. The products of these process plants are fundamental to the global economy however many of the corresponding manufacturing processes are operating at (or are close to) their maximum practical efficiency. This reduces the impact of any future efficiency improvement measures in reducing overall carbon dioxide emissions across the sector. Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage (ICCS) is considered by the International Energy Agency (IEA) as the "most important technology" to decarbonise the industrial sector. This technology couples into industrial process plants, separates out the carbon dioxide and transports it to a suitable location for long term underground storage. In this way, the process plants are no longer venting unwanted carbon dioxide emissions directly into the atmosphere.Whilst many of the key components in ICCS have been demonstrated in pilot scale projects, the deployment of a full scale system remains a challenge due to the high capital costs associated with developing the infrastructure for carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage. One effective means to address these issues is to share the burden by developing regional clusters of industrial process plants which all feed into a common ICCS network.This project brings together a strong academic team from Newcastle University, Imperial College and Cambridge University with significant technical support from the International Energy Agency, industrial technical experts, various CCS clusters and demonstration sites. The project will be the first of its kind to evaluate multiple potential ICCS clusters planned worldwide and assess their impact on products and consumers. It will mainly focus on a cluster planned in Teesside, UK featuring a steel furnace, ammonia manufacturing site, a hydrogen reforming facility, and a chemical plant. It will collate technical data from many of the pilot demonstrations in the United States and Europe to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the required operation of other relevant energy intensive process plants such as petroleum refineries and cement production sites. This technical data will be used to develop a set of software design tools for the planning of ICCS clusters and develop a means to optimise their operation. In addition, a robust set of economic analysis tools will be developed to support evaluation of the economics and costs associated with the technology.The impact on the supply chain will be assessed through a comprehensive outreach and public engagement exercise. Ideas for new low-carbon products will be developed and their costs evaluated. This process will include surveys and focus groups to gain opinions and data from key stakeholders who operate in the supply chains of planned ICCS clusters. This will include regular communication with business-to-business customers right through to end-users and consumers. This will be used to gain a greater understanding of attitudes towards these potential lower-carbon products and to assess the strength of consumer pull under multiple carbon pricing/policy scenarios.