IMPROVING DESIGN FOR SAFETY: A WEB-BASED DESIGN FOR SAFETY CAPABILITY MATURITY INDICATOR (DFS-CMI) TOOL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

据估计，全球建筑业每年造成10万人死亡，约占所有致命职业伤害的30%-40%。在英国，尽管建筑业只占英国劳动力的5%左右，但它在雇员职业致命伤害中所占的比例高达31%。建筑业中的伤害和新的健康问题每年花费社会超过11亿GB。施工造成的伤害和疾病的直接和间接费用不仅由受害者及其家人承担，也由受害者的雇主、施工委托人、整个行业和政府承担。由于建筑部门令人不羡慕的健康和安全记录造成的社会经济影响，正在努力改善建筑行业的健康和安全。在这些努力中，突出的是强调通过设计来减轻或消除健康和安全风险，这在施工中通常被称为安全设计(DFS)。DFS的重要性在于这样一个事实，即设计在很大程度上导致了建筑事故、伤害和疾病的发生。DFS要求设计师(例如建筑师和工程师)仔细考虑他们的设计决策将如何影响建筑商、维护工人和已建成资产的使用者的健康和安全。在英国，根据2015年《建筑(设计和管理)法规》(CDM 2015)，DFS是强制性的，该法规规定，设计师(组织/个人)在准备或修改设计时，应消除、减少或控制在建造、维护和使用已建成资产期间可能出现的可预见风险。因此，可以理解的是，2015年清洁发展机制还要求任命负有设计责任的组织应以其能力为基础。这就突出了一个重要的问题，即设计公司在DFS能力方面是否足够成熟。虽然一些设计公司在DFS能力方面可能已经取得了一些明显的成熟，但其他公司也将存在不足。虽然关于外勤部建设中的研究越来越多，但缺乏对构成外勤部能力的深入了解。此外，也没有旨在了解与DFS功能相关的成熟度级别的研究。因此，缺乏一种强有力的系统方法来确定负有设计责任的建筑组织的外勤部能力成熟度，为改善外勤部能力铺平道路。借鉴“不能测量，就不能改进”这一流行格言，考虑到设计对健康和安全的重要性，本研究将开发一个基于网络的DFS能力成熟度指标(DFS-CMI)工具，该工具将为建筑和工程设计所涉及的建筑供应链组织的DFS能力诊断提供一种稳健而系统的方法。这项研究将采用专家组技术以及信通技术工具的开发和测试过程。DFS-CMI工具将作为一个强大的过程改进工具，使建筑、工程设计和建筑公司能够提高其DFS能力。该工具还将提供一种机制，用于根据2015年清洁发展机制条例确定各组织的外勤部能力。

The global construction sector is estimated to account for 100,000 fatalities annually and about 30-40% of all fatal occupational injuries. In the UK, although the construction sector accounts for only approximately 5% of the workforce in Britain, it accounts for a disproportionate 31% of occupational fatal injuries to employees. Injuries and new cases of ill health in construction cost society over £1.1 billion a year. The direct and indirect costs of injuries and illnesses resulting from construction are not only borne by the victims and their families, but also by the victims' employers, the construction client, the industry as a whole, and the government. Due to the socio-economic impacts of the unenviable health and safety record of the construction sector, there are efforts to improve health and safety in construction. Prominent amongst the efforts has been the emphasis on mitigating or eliminating health and safety risks through design, which is commonly referred to in construction as design for safety (DfS). The importance of DfS rests on the fact that design contributes significantly to the occurrence of accidents, injuries and illnesses in construction. DfS requires that designers (e.g. architects and engineers) give careful consideration to how their design decisions would affect the health and safety of builders, maintenance workers, and users of built assets. In the UK, DfS is mandatory under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) which stipulate that designers (organisations/individuals), when preparing or modifying designs, should eliminate, reduce or control foreseeable risks that may arise during the construction, maintenance and use of built assets. Consequently and understandably, CDM 2015 also requires that the appointment of organisations with design responsibilities should be based on their capability. This brings to the fore the important issue of design firms having adequate maturity in terms of DfS capability. Whilst some design firms may have attained some appreciable maturity in terms of DfS capability, others will also be deficient. Whilst there is a growing body of research on DfS in construction, there is lacking an in-depth understanding of what constitute DfS capability. Furthermore, neither has there been research aimed at understanding the maturity levels related to DfS capability. Consequently, there is lacking a robust systematic approach for ascertaining the DfS capability maturity of construction organisations with design responsibilities to pave way for improvements in DfS capability. Borrowing from the popular maxim that, "If you can't measure it, you can't improve it", and considering the significance of design to health and safety, this research will develop a web-based DfS capability maturity indicator (DfS-CMI) tool which will offer a robust and systematic approach for diagnosing the DfS capability of construction supply chain organisations involved in architectural and engineering design. The research will employ an expert group technique and ICT tool development and testing processes. The DfS-CMI tool will serve as a robust process improvement tool to enable architectural, engineering design and construction firms to improve their DfS capability. The tool will also provide a mechanism for ascertaining the DfS capability of organisations under the CDM 2015 regulations.