PRIvacy-aware personal data management and Value Enhancement for Leisure Travellers (PriVELT)

无缝旅行体验的消费要求旅行者与众多个人旅行和旅游服务提供商共享其个人数据。目前普遍缺乏有关旅行者在旅行时应如何管理其数据共享活动的指导方针，这导致了两种不希望出现的情况：1）旅行者只是在不了解隐私和安全风险及其后果的情况下分享其数据; 2）旅行者对此类风险过度担忧，以至于他们停止共享数据，这降低了他们的整体旅行体验，并阻止组织提供更好（更个性化）的服务。与包括社交媒体在内的许多实体共享广泛的数据，即时通讯和其他在线社交平台使情况变得更糟，因为旅行者通常无法看到他们过去如何共享数据的整体情况，以适应他们的数据共享行为。PriVELT将解决与提供无缝和高度个性化的端到端服务相关的双重挑战。在平衡休闲旅行者的隐私和安全需求的同时，一方面，旅行服务提供商需要找到有效的方法来激励旅行者分享个人数据，以换取更高质量的服务、个性化优惠、折扣或附加服务等有形利益。另一方面，旅行者需要更好地管理个人数据的共享，以最大限度地减少与隐私相关的风险，同时优化无缝旅行体验的价值。因此，我们认为，PriVELT旨在开发一个创新的以用户为中心和隐私意识的数字平台，使休闲旅行者能够更好地管理与旅游服务提供商和其他实体共享的个人数据，并通过鼓励更好地为旅游业创造新的商机。PriVELT将根据与隐私相关的旅行者行为的整体社会技术框架，开发以用户为中心的平台。该框架将提供干预点，以有效地推动旅行者更负责任地分享他们的个人数据。PriVELT借鉴了社会科学的理论，包括消费者心理学和行为经济学，以更好地解释消费者如何决定披露个人信息以换取价值。PriVELT还考虑到旅行者的心理局限性，如对隐私风险的理解有限，这可能会导致旅行中与隐私相关的决策过程中的非理性行为。为了实现其目标，PriVELT的研究将是跨学科的，共同创造的，以理论为基础的，以证据为基础的，以用户为中心的，面向真实的世界。PriVELT将联合收割机结合社会和技术方法来收集和分析数据，整合焦点小组和与相关利益相关者的访谈，小组调查，基于实验室的用户研究，与真实的国内和国际旅行者进行实地研究（最终用户）识别和应用一系列有效的推动策略，告知旅行者在旅行时共享个人数据的风险和后果。其中一个主要成果将是该数字平台将用于：1）监测旅行者的数据共享活动; 2）提高对与共享数据相关的隐私风险的情景意识; 3）为参与者提供实现动态同意管理的创新方式，允许在旅行时动态更新同意; 4）为旅行者提供更好的建议，以适应其数据共享行为。数字平台将由三个主要部分组成：1）以移动的应用程序形式提供的旅行者（用户/客户端）侧工具，2）服务器侧用于匿名数据汇总和分析目的的基础设施和工具，以及3）API和用户界面，供旅行者共享数据的消费者使用。

The consumption of a seamless travel experience requires travellers to share their personal data with numerous individual travel and tourism service providers. There is a general lack of guidelines on how travellers should manage their data sharing activities while travelling, which lead to two unwanted situations: 1) travellers simply share their data without understanding the privacy and security risks and consequences; 2) travellers become over-worried about such risks so that they stop sharing data, which reduce their overall travel experience and prevent organisations to provide better (more personalised) services. The wide spectrum of data sharing with many entities including on social media, instant messaging and other online social platforms makes the situations worse as travellers often cannot see a big picture of how they have shared their data in the past to adapt their data sharing behaviour.PriVELT will address the two-sided challenges associated with offering a seamless and highly personalised end-to-end travel experience while balancing the privacy and security needs of leisure travellers. On the one hand, travel service providers need to identify effective ways to incentivise travellers to share personal data in exchange of tangible benefits such as higher quality service, personalised offers, discounts, or add-on services. On the other hand, travellers need to better manage the sharing of their personal data to minimise privacy-related risks while optimising value from a seamless travel experience. Therefore, PriVELT aims to develop an innovative user-centric and privacy-aware digital platform that will empower leisure travellers to better manage the sharing of their personal data with travel service providers and other entities and foster new business opportunities for the travel and tourism industry through encouraging better (more transparent and effective) usage of travellers' data.PriVELT will develop the user-centric platform based on a holistic socio-technical framework of privacy-related traveller behaviour. The framework will provide intervention points to effectively nudge travellers to share their personal data more responsibly. PriVELT draws from theories in social sciences, including consumer psychology and behavioural economics, to better explain how consumers make decisions to disclose personal information in exchange for values. PriVELT also considers travellers' psychological limitation, such as limited understanding of privacy risks, which may induce irrational behaviour in privacy-related decision-making process while traveling.In order to achieve its aim, PriVELT's research will be interdisciplinary, co-created, theory-informed, evidence-based, user-centric, and real world-facing. PriVELT will combine both social and technical methods to collect and analyse data, integrating focus groups and interviews with relevant stakeholders, a panel survey, lab-based user studies, and field studies with real domestic and international travellers (end users) to identify and apply an array of effective nudging strategies to inform travellers with risks and consequences of sharing personal data while traveling.One of the key outcomes will be a digital platform that will be used for: 1) monitoring travellers' data sharing activities; 2) enhancing situational awareness of privacy risks related to data shared; 3) providing an innovative way of achieving dynamic consent management for participants, allowing dynamic updating of the consent while travelling; ; 4) providing better recommendations for travellers to adapt their data sharing behaviours. The digital platform will be composed of three main components: 1) tools at the traveller (user/client) side in the form of a mobile app, 2) an infrastructure and tools at the server side for anonymised data aggregation and analytics purposes, and 3) the API and user interfaces for consumers of data shared by travellers.