HEALTH STATUS EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE & STRENGTH TRAINING

拟议研究的长期目标是了解 运动对老年人健康状况的影响，从而促进 通过精心设计， 安全的锻炼计划。具体目标是：(1)确定和 比较力量训练(ST)、耐力训练(ET)和 力量/耐力联合训练(ET+ST)肌肉力量，有氧 能力、步态、平衡、功能状态和跌倒风险；(2) 确定运动后3个月的效果是否持续；(3) 深入了解运动对机能的影响机制 地位；及(4)找出与参与 锻炼计划。在某种程度上，这项研究假设运动训练 可以大大改善健康状况指标，而且 进步将与力量的变化相关联。 该研究是一项随机对照试验。主要的资格标准 68-85岁和腿部无力的程度是否与健康受损有关 并增加了跌倒的风险。受试者将从经过深思熟虑的 参加医疗保健组织的一群老年人。通过多阶段筛选 大约有750名成年人，这项研究计划将100人随机分为四组 组：ST组、ET组、ST+ET组和对照组。预计流失率为20%， 最终样本量为80人(每组10名男性和10名女性)。锻炼 每周三次，每次约1小时，为期6个月。ST Will 从使用手臂和脚踝重量的低级别开始，然后前进到使用 环球健身房。ET将是包括手臂和腿在内的自行车运动。 评价设计是三个测量的重复测量设计 场合：前测、后测和跟踪测试(在3个月后 锻炼)。力量将在脚踝、膝盖、臀部、肘部和 手腕使用等速测力计。不同条件下的姿势摆动 应力条件将使用测力平台进行测量。 步态测量将在步态实验室中使用测力台进行 和传导走道，并包括步态事件和地面的测量 反作用力。次极量跑步机和自行车的有氧能力 锻炼将会被测量。一般健康状况将使用以下工具进行测量 经过验证的问卷测量。统计分析将使用程序 与具有协变量的重复测量Manova有关，例如配对t- 检验，并重复测量方差分析。

The long-term objective of the proposed research is to understand the effects of exercise on the health status of older adults, so as to promote health status and reduce fall-related injuries through carefully designed, safe exercise programs. The specific aims are: (1) to determine and compare the effects of strength training (ST), endurance training (ET), and combined strength/endurance training (ET+ST) on muscle strength, aerobic capacity, gait, balance, functional status, and fall risk; (2) to determine if effects of exercise persist 3 months post-exercise; (3) to gain insight into the mechanism of effects of exercise on functional status; and (4) to identify factors associated with participation in the exercise program. In part, the study hypothesizes that exercise training can produce substantial improvements in health status indicators, and that improvement will correlate with changes in strength. The study is a randomized controlled trial. The major eligibility criteria are age 68-85 and leg weakness at a level associated with impaired health and increased fall risk. Subjects will be recruited from a well-studied group of older adults enrolled in an HMO. By multi-stage screening of about 750 adults, the study plans to randomize 100 persons to one of four groups: ST, ET, ST+ET, and control. A 20% attrition rate is anticipated, giving a final sample size of 80 (10 men and 10 women per group). Exercise sessions of about 1 hour will occur three times/week for 6 months. ST will begin at low levels using arm and ankle weights, then advance to use of a Universal Gym. ET will be bicycle exercise involving both arms and legs. The evaluation design is a repeated measures design with three measurement occasions: pretest, posttest, and follow-up test (at 3 months post- exercise). Strength will be measured at the ankle, knee, hip, elbow, and wrist using an isokinetic dynamometer. Postural sway under different stress conditions will be measured using a force measurement platform. Measures of gait will be made in a gait laboratory using a force platform and a conductive walkway, and include measures of gait events and ground reactive forces. Aerobic capacity at submaximal treadmill and bicycle exercise will be measured. General health status will be measured using validated questionnaire measures. Statistical analysis will use procedures related to repeated measures MANOVA with covariates, such as paired t- tests, and repeated measures ANOVA.