FractalBlast: Understanding and predicting the interaction of blast waves with multi-scale obstacles.

恐怖主义袭击变得越来越致命，恐怖主义团体开始采用旨在造成最大伤亡的战术。这些攻击包括针对人员的攻击，例如在伊斯坦布尔机场和曼彻斯特竞技场等拥挤场所，或针对基础设施的攻击，例如Metrojet 9268航班。为了确保工程师提供有效和高效的保护系统，我们必须充分了解爆炸载荷如何在复杂、拥挤的环境中发展，以及障碍物和障碍物的存在如何改变爆炸波的传播。虽然已知爆炸波会反射并绕过障碍物，迄今为止，爆炸防护工程领域的研究人员还没有对这种影响进行准确的量化，也没有对控制这种行为的机制进行详细的了解。该项目旨在通过在世界领先的设施进行实验工作，包括直接测量障碍物源和下游的爆炸波参数，填补这一知识空白。这项实验工作将辅以尖端的数值分析，使用专门设计用于模拟复杂环境中爆炸波传播的工具。这两种方法将结合起来，发展出爆炸波与障碍物相互作用的一般关系，从而能够发展出一种半经验工具，用于快速计算高能炸药爆炸后障碍物周围的流场。本项目旨在证明多孔爆炸障碍物的概念，即障碍物包括一系列较小的障碍物，而不是一个大的，强加的，（通常是混凝土）整体结构。据设想，这种设计将成为下一代城市爆炸防护战略：具有定制特性的工程系统，以实现最大的爆炸防护，但与现代化、开放的绿色城市兼容。防爆系统看起来不像防爆系统。

Terrorist attacks are becoming more deadly, and terrorist groups are beginning to engage in tactics with the specific aim to cause maximum casualties. Such attacks range from those targeting personnel, e.g. in crowded places such as Istanbul Airport and Manchester Arena, or those targeting infrastructure, e.g. Metrojet Flight 9268. In order to ensure that engineers provide effective and efficient protection systems, we must fully understand how a blast load develops in a complex, crowded environment, and how the presence of obstacles and obstructions alters the propagation of a blast wave.Whilst it is known that a blast wave will reflect off and diffract around an obstacle, accurate quantification of this effect and a detailed understanding of the mechanisms governing this behaviour have, to date, eluded researchers in the field of blast protection engineering. This project aims to address this knowledge gap through experimental work at a world-leading facility, involving direct measurement of blast wave parameters both at the source and downstream of the obstacle. This experimental work will be supplemented with cutting-edge numerical analysis, using tools specifically designed for simulation of blast wave propagation in complex environments. Both of these approaches will then be combined to develop generalised relationships for the interaction of blast waves with obstacles, enabling a semi-empirical tool to be developed for rapid calculation of the flow field surrounding an obstacle following detonation of a high explosive.This project aims to prove the concept of porous blast barriers, i.e. barriers comprising a series of smaller obstacles rather than a large, imposing, (typically concrete) monolithic structure. Such designs, it is envisaged, will become the next generation of urban blast protection strategies: engineered systems with tailored properties to achieved maximum blast protection, but compatible with a modern, open, green city. Blast protection systems that do not look like blast protection systems.