On-Demand Flexible Pharmacy Manufacturing in Extreme Environments

世界各航天机构已经制定了火星长期人类居住的全球探索路线图。要实现这一目标，需要跨越工程、物理和健康科学的跨学科边界的冒险制造解决方案。当你生病时，只需快速前往药房……除非你身处太空。对于短期的太空任务，宇航员在返回地球之前携带缓解症状的普通药物是可行的。航天飞机的“医药包”包括少量止痛药、抗生素、止吐剂等，国际空间站还配备了合理的药物组合，包括静脉注射和肌注注射，以涵盖更多的医疗问题。在地球轨道上的宇航员遇到医疗紧急情况和必要的药物干预时，可以通过任务中止和提前返回来解决。从行星凌日、月球或行星栖息地来看，这是不可能的。如果少量的药物可以在现场、太空和按需制造，那会是什么情况？太空中的卫生系统需要自给自足，例如制造和测试药物的能力。它们还需要高效，在可能的情况下限制浪费和回收材料。在这里，我们提出要创造和发展柔性按需制药生产的创新制造能力。利用细胞的蛋白质机制，我们将开发能够在太空飞行的极端条件下运行的微流控系统中的无细胞药物生产。我们将采用新的过程质量控制方法，以确保药物的纯度和功能性。我们建议创新地使用纸张来创建一种“药物工厂”，它可以应用于皮肤上，并在药物制造时直接传递给患者。最后，我们将演示远程药房的概念，即生物制药的设计可以从一个站点传输，药物可以在远程站点生产。

The world's space agencies have formed the Global Exploration Roadmap for the long-term human habitation of Mars. Achieving this goal requires adventurous manufacturing solutions across interdisciplinary boundaries of the engineering, physical and health sciences.When taken ill, it is a quick trip to the pharmacy...unless you are in space. For short space missions, it is feasible for an astronaut to carry general medicines to alleviate symptoms until they can return to Earth. 'Med Kits' for the Space Shuttle included small supplies of painkillers, antibiotics, antiemetics, etc. and the ISS has on board a reasonable assortment of medications, including IV and IM injectables, to cover an increased range of medical problems. A medical emergency and the necessary pharmaceutical intervention of an astronaut in Earth orbit can be accommodated by an aborted mission and early return. Such is not possible from planetary transit or from lunar or planetary habitation.What if small quantities of pharmaceuticals could be made onsite, in space and on demand; an "Astropharmacy"? Health systems in space need self-sufficiency - such as the ability to manufacture and test pharmaceuticals. They also need to be efficient, limiting waste and recycling materials where possible. Here, we propose to create and develop the innovative manufacturing capability of flexible on demand pharmaceutical production. Using the protein machinery of cells we will develop cell-free drug production in microfluidic system that can operate in the extreme conditions of space flight. We will incorporate novel in process quality control methods to ensure purity and functionality of the pharmaceutical. We propose the innovative use of paper to create a 'drug factory' which can be applied to the skin to delivery of the drug directly to the patient as it is made. Finally, we will demonstrate the concept of telepharmacy, where the design of a biopharmaceutical can be transmitted from one site and the drug manufactured at the remote site.