Power to the People: Democratising energy through decentralised manufacture and production of affordable, reliable, sustainable solar power

提出了一项示范能源民主化的全球资源评估活动方案。通过将可负担、可靠的太阳能发电的生产和部署分散到当地社区手中，可以通过创造新的参与者，如产消者、可再生能源合作社和社区拥有的发电，探索公众参与和地方能源所有权的新模式。SUNRISE是一个650万英镑的GCRF项目，它正在英国和印度发展下一代太阳能系统的研究能力，这些系统是负担得起的，可靠的和可持续的。因此，SUNRISE的合作伙伴组成了响应GRTA号召的核心团队。通过增加来自发展援助委员会所列国家墨西哥、哈萨克斯坦和南非的其他相关合作者，这一核心得到加强。这个跨学科的联盟由技术、商业和社会经济专业知识和资源组成。因此，该小组的理想定位是利用一种新的、颠覆性的、解决方案可加工（印刷）太阳能技术——钙钛矿太阳能电池（潜在的GCRF研究）所带来的机会。由于钙钛矿技术的低资本设备成本和对地球丰富材料的使用，它有潜力为发展中国家的气候和社会经济环境提供当地制造、负担得起、可靠、可持续的现代能源解决方案。溶液可加工的光伏材料，可以应用于印刷和涂层工艺的油墨，是目前建立的光伏技术的一个非常可行的替代方案。钙钛矿太阳能装置不仅在制造和资本成本方面具有显著优势，而且在柔性基板上的应用和直接集成到车辆和建筑物中，而不会产生过多的重量影响。从历史上看，印刷PV的主要缺点是效率，对于染料敏化电池（DSC）和有机光伏（OPV）技术来说，效率一直在努力超过12%，这使得潜在的集热器相当大。然而，最近在英国开发的一项新技术，钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC），现在已经超越了以前开发解决方案处理光伏的所有尝试。PSC实验室设备的性能现在已经达到23%以上，这代表了新的第三代太阳能电池性能的一个步骤变化。目前，这项令人兴奋的技术的沉积可以在玻璃或柔性塑料材料上实现，然而，这种能力尚未在任何重要水平上转移到模块原型和制造上，例如本项目技术方面的设想。因此，GRTA的资金将用于加速：+“大规模”建筑技术示范的交付，将研究转化为实际应用+通过一批国际跨学科知识转移研究员，促进全球学术、商业、非政府组织和政府合作的增长+太阳能领域大量相关知识产权和专业知识的商业化。公平和可持续性)，现在是时候参与所需的转化工作，以证明钙钛矿光伏技术可以以商业上可行的规模和成本生产。如果实现这一目标，将为以公平和可持续的方式应对气候变化提供全球机会。麻省理工学院能源倡议：“在减少温室气体排放的同时，太阳能在满足人类未来长期能源需求方面拥有最大的潜力——但要实现这一潜力，将需要更加重视开发低成本技术和更有效的部署政策。”在短短一小时内，地球从太阳接收到的太阳能足以为整个世界经济提供一年的动力！

A programme of GRTA activity is proposed that will demonstrate the democratisation of energy. Through decentralising the manufacture and deployment of affordable, reliable solar power into the hands of local communities, novel models of public participation and local energy ownership can be explored through the creation of new actors such as prosumers, renewable energy co-operatives and community owned power generation.SUNRISE, a £6.5M GCRF project, is growing research capability in the UK and India in the field of next generation solar energy systems that are affordable, reliable and sustainable. As such, SUNRISE partners form the core team assembled to respond to this GRTA call. This core is enhanced through the addition of other relevant collaborators from the DAC listed countries of Mexico, Kazakhstan and South Africa.The transdisciplinary consortium comprises a combination of technical, commercial and socio-economic expertise and resources. As such, the group is ideally positioned to exploit the opportunity presented by a new, disruptive, solution processable (printed) solar energy technology - the perovskite solar cell (the underlying GCRF research). Due to the low capital equipment costs and use of earth abundant materials, perovskite technology has the potential to deliver locally manufactured, affordable, reliable, sustainable modern energy solutions for the climatic and socio-economic contexts in developing countries.Solution processable PV materials, which can be applied as an ink using printing and coating processes, present a very viable alternative to the currently established PV technologies. Perovskite solar energy devices offer not only significant advantages in manufacturing and capital costs, but also in their application onto flexible substrates and direct integration into vehicles and buildings without excessive weight implications. Historically, the main disadvantage for printed PV has been the efficiency, which for Dye Sensitised Cells (DSC) and Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) technologies have struggled to exceed 12%, making the potential collectors quite large. However, a new technology recently developed in the UK, the Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC), has now exceeded all previous attempts to develop a solution processed PV.The performance of PSC lab devices has now reached over 23% representing a step change in performance for new 3rd generation solar cells. At present the deposition of this exciting technology can be achieved on glass or flexible plastic materials, however this capability is yet to transfer at any significant level to module prototyping and fabrication, such as that contemplated by the technical aspects of this project. As such, the GRTA funding will be used to accelerate:+ Delivery of 'at-scale' building technology demonstrators, translating research into practical application + Growth of global academic, commercial, NGO and government collaborations through a cohort of International Transdisciplinary Knowledge Transfer Fellows+ Commercialisation of substantial relevant IPR and know-how in the solar energy spaceGiven the imperatives of the 'energy trilemma' global challenge (SDG7 - security, equity and sustainability), it is now timely to engage in the translational work needed to demonstrate perovskite photovoltaic technologies can be produced at commercially viable scale and cost. If this goal is achieved, it will present a global opportunity to address climate change in an equitable and sustainable manner.MIT Energy Initiative: "solar energy holds the best potential for meeting humanity's future long-term energy needs while cutting greenhouse gas emissions - but to realize this potential will require increased emphasis on developing lower cost technologies and more effective deployment policy".In just one hour the Earth receives enough solar energy from the Sun to power the whole of the world economy for a year!