Geothermal Energy from Mines and Solar-Geothermal heat (GEMS)

英国一半以上的能源需求来自供热，其中大部分来自化石燃料。虽然煤炭开采已经停止，但被淹没的废弃矿井中的水为未来提供了一个巨大的低碳地热来源（220万GWh），足够为所有英国房屋供暖100年！矿井里的水只是温水（12-20摄氏度），但有了热泵，温度就会提高到更舒适的40-50摄氏度。热泵产生的能量是其使用能量的3-4倍，使矿井水地热加热（MWGH）成为一种高效的能源。但是，需要进行研究，使MWGH具有竞争力，在技术上和后勤上都是可行的，并且是可取的：哪些煤矿适合可持续的热提取？MWGH需要房屋之间的区域供热网络，那么我们如何克服设置这些网络的相关障碍？MWGH能否可靠地处理季节性热需求？MWGH在经济上能否与现有的燃气锅炉竞争？当地社区想要这样的转变吗？该项目将审查MWGH的这些组成部分，从最初的地热提取，到储热和输送的物流，MWGH的政治和金融格局，以及让当地社区参与其中。详细了解矿井水循环及与岩石的热相互作用是水暖综合利用成功的关键。在昂贵的钻探之前，数值模型可以帮助预测矿井系统的适用性。WP1将使用创新的、详细的矿井热流模型来解决这个问题，该模型速度快，因此可以轻松运行数千个流量场景以找到最佳设置，并可以轻松针对单个矿井计划进行定制，以调查案例研究。模拟将根据UKGEOS地热研究中心GGERFS的流动实验进行校准，而项目合作伙伴将提供来自几个地点的矿山计划、抽水和地质数据。将收集以前采矿社区内有价值的、未记录的地雷资料，以补充有关地雷的知识和模拟的准确性。热泵将提高开采的矿井水的温度，用于局部供暖。但为了满足季节性波动的热量需求，蓄热是必不可少的。WP2将通过利用地下和地上存储的新型太阳能地热收集来解决这个问题。太阳能热驱动吸附反应，并将获取的热量释放到矿井水中并储存在地下，从而支持矿井的长期热容量。该存储系统的实验设计将在GGERFS进行测试和优化。引进MWGH的成功还取决于许多政治、财政和社会方面。如果没有有利的监管和金融环境，安装MWGH系统的主要任务可能风险太大。如果没有与地方议会、煤炭管理局、环境机构和当地社区密切合作，这些计划往往会失败。WP3通过批判性地分析启动新的矿山地热供暖计划的法规和程序，规划和分析金融格局，并调查当地社区、科学家和政府机构如何共同努力，创造经济上成功和社会公正的干预措施，解决了这些问题。来自英格兰东北部和威尔士的当前和历史案例研究将有助于测试该提案的各个方面。因此，MWGH项目需要跨学科的方法，正如我们在这里提出的。WP4将监督该项目，并确保：1)共享和整合WP内部和WP之间的学习，以丰富整个项目；2)社区、各种研究小组、当地行业和项目合作伙伴有机会在整个项目中充分整合和协作。综上所述，该项目为英国MWGH项目提供了技术、后勤、政治、金融和社会解决方案，以实现供暖脱碳。

Over half of UK's energy demand is from heat, and most of it is provided by fossil fuels. While coal mining has stopped, the water within flooded abandoned mines provide a huge source (2.2 million GWh) of low-carbon, geothermal heat for the future, enough to heat all UK houses for >100 years! The mine water is only lukewarm (12-20 degC), but with heat pumps, temperatures are increased to a more comfortable 40-50 degC. Heat pumps produce 3-4x the energy than they use, making mine water geothermal heating (MWGH) an efficient energy source. But research is required to make MWGH competitive, technically and logistically feasible, and desirable: which collieries are suitable for sustainable heat extraction? MWGH requires district heating networks between premises, so how can we overcome the associated hurdles for setting those up? Can MWGH handle seasonal heat demands reliably? Can MWGH financially compete with the established gas boiler? Do local communities want such change to greener heat? This project will examine these components of MWGH, from the initial geothermal heat extraction, to the logistics of heat storage and delivery, the political and financial landscape for MWGH, and involving local communities in all this.Detailed knowledge of mine water circulation and thermal interaction with the rocks is essential for the success of MWGH. Prior to expensive drilling, numerical models help predict how suitable a mine system is. WP1 will address this using innovative, detailed mine thermal flow models that are fast, so can easily run thousands of flow scenarios to find optimal settings, and are easily tailored towards individual mine plans to investigate case studies. Simulations will be calibrated against flow experiments at GGERFS, the UKGEOS Geothermal Research centre, while project partners provide mine plans, pumping and geological data from several sites. Valuable, unrecorded mine information available within former mining communities will be collected to supplement the mine knowledge and accuracy of the simulations. Heat pumps will increase the temperature of the extracted mine water for local heating purposes. But to meet seasonally fluctuating heat demands, heat storage is essential. WP2 will address this through novel solar-geothermal heat collection that utilizes both underground and overground storage. Solar heat drives sorption reactions, and access heat is released to mine water and stored underground, thereby supporting the long-term heat capacity of the mines. The experimental design of such storage system will be tested and optimized at GGERFS. The success of introducing MWGH depends on many political, financial and social aspects too. Without a favourable regulatory and financial landscape, the major undertaking of installing a MWGH system may be too risky. And without closely working with local councils, the Coal Authority, the Environmental Agency, and local communities, these schemes often fail. WP3 addresses these aspects, by critically analysing the regulations and procedures to start new mine geothermal heating schemes, map out and analyse the financial landscape, and investigate how local communities, scientists, and government agencies can work together to create financially successful and socially just interventions. Present and historic case studies from NE England and Wales will serve to test all aspects of the proposal.So MWGH projects require an interdisciplinary approach as we are proposing here. WP4 will oversee the project and ensure, 1) that learning within and across WP's is shared and integrated to enrich the whole and, 2) that the communities, various research groups, local industries and project partners have opportunities to fully integrate and collaborate across the entire project. In summary, this project provides technical, logistical, political, financial, and social solutions for MWGH projects to decarbonize heating in the UK.