SATURN: Supporting Active Travel Using Road-lighting at Night

骑自行车对骑自行车的人有好处，对整个社会也有好处。骑自行车而不是开车的人可以改善他们的身体素质和整体健康状况。骑自行车而不是开车可以减少空气污染，减少碳排放，减少交通拥堵。这也有利于当地经济，因为研究表明，自行车友好型社区鼓励更多地使用当地商店。通过增加体力活动节省的公共卫生费用也意味着骑自行车有利于国民经济。英国政府已经认识到骑自行车的好处，特别是在应对Covid-19大流行的过程中，通过增加对自行车基础设施的投资和制定促进骑自行车的新战略。黑暗让一些人不敢骑自行车，尤其是女性。对于那些在晚上骑车的人来说，发生撞车事故的风险更大。道路照明可以缓解这两个问题。道路照明可以提高骑自行车的人对司机的能见度，从而减少道路交通碰撞的频率和严重程度。道路照明鼓励人们在天黑时骑自行车——他们觉得更安全。然而，我们不知道什么样的照明条件最能满足骑车者的需要。现有的关于自行车照明的证据不足，目前关于自行车照明的指导是基于过时的标准，关注行人的需求，而不是骑自行车的人。土星（支持夜间使用道路照明的主动旅行）将提供证据，帮助找到骑车的最佳照明条件，既鼓励人们在天黑后骑车，又使他们更安全。我们将首先测量黑暗（与白天相比）对骑车人数和涉及骑车者的车辆碰撞数量的影响。这将使用一种分析方法来完成，该方法将光照的影响与其他影响因素隔离开来，这是我们在最近的试点研究中改进的一种方法。我们将在6个主要城市的一系列地点使用骑自行车的人数和碰撞数据。这些数据将来自多个来源，包括自动自行车计数器、众包自行车旅行数据和国家道路碰撞数据库。这将告诉我们黑暗对每个地点的骑行率和碰撞风险的影响程度。然后，我们将其与每个地点的照明指标进行比较，使用移动传感器阵列进行测量，并使用现有的夜间航空摄影图像进行备份。这种比较将揭示照明与骑行率和安全性之间的关系，使我们能够确定最合适的照明水平来支持骑行。自行车率、碰撞率和照明的分析结果将被添加到自行车基础设施优先工具包（CyIPT）中，这是一个由交通部资助的在线工具，用于帮助当地交通规划者制定和优先考虑当地自行车基础设施的决策。这将有助于确保土星具有真正的影响，并影响与自行车基础设施相关的交通规划决策。我们还将利用土星的研究结果来影响国家和国际道路照明标准的修订，以确保这些标准考虑到骑自行车者的需求，并利用现有的最佳证据。

Cycling is good for the cyclist and is good for society in general. People who cycle rather than drive improve their physical fitness and general health. Cycling rather than driving reduces air pollution, reduces carbon emissions and reduces traffic congestion. It also benefits local economies, as research shows cycling-friendly neighbourhoods encourage more use of local shops. Savings to public health costs through increased physical activity also means cycling benefits the national economy. The UK Government has recognised the benefits of cycling, particularly in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, through increased investment in cycling infrastructure and a new strategy to promote cycling. Darkness puts some people off cycling, particularly women. For those who do cycle at night, there is a greater risk of being involved in a crash. Road lighting can mitigate both of these problems. Road lighting can improve the visibility of cyclists to drivers and thus reduce the frequency and severity of road traffic collisions. Road lighting encourages people to cycle when it is dark - they feel safer. However we do not know what lighting conditions best meet the needs of cyclists. Existing evidence about lighting for cyclists is weak, and current guidance about lighting for cyclists is based on out-of-date standards that focus on the needs of pedestrians rather than cyclists.SATURN (Supporting Active Travel Using Road-lighting at Night) will provide evidence to help find the best lighting conditions for cycling, to both encourage people to cycle after-dark and to make them safer.We will first measure the effect of darkness (compared with daylight) on the number of people cycling and the number of vehicle collisions involving a cyclist. This will be done using a method of analysis that isolates the effect of lighting from other influential factors, a method we have refined in recent pilot studies. We will use cyclist count and collision data for a range of locations in 6 major cities. These data will come from a number of sources including automated cyclist counters, crowdsourced cycling trip data and the national database of road collisions. This will tell us the size of the effect darkness has on cycling rates and collision risk at each location. We will then compare this to metrics of the lighting at each of the locations, measured using a mobile array of sensors and backed up using existing night-time aerial photography images. This comparison will reveal the relationship between lighting and cycling rates and safety, allowing us to identify the most appropriate lighting levels to support cycling.Results from this analysis of cycling rates, collision rates and lighting will be added to the Cycling Infrastructure Prioritisation Toolkit (CyIPT), a Department for Transport-funded online tool for helping local transport planners develop and prioritise decisions about cycling infrastructure in their local area. This will help ensure SATURN has real impact and influences transport planning decisions related to cycling infrastructure. We will also use the SATURN findings to influence revisions to national and international road lighting standards, to ensure these standards take account of the needs of cyclists using the best available evidence.