Ultra-Low Noise Measurement Capability for Quantum Science

在过去的几年里，国际上对量子物理学产生了非常高的兴趣。这些技术的成功将导致一系列活动的进步，包括新型传感器、安全通信和先进的计算能力，这些计算能力是目前无法实现的。后一类是基于量子系统的特性来开发比特，即所谓的量子比特，它可以取0到1之间的任何值，而不像现在的传统比特是0或1。然而，这项技术的发展需要在技术和理解方面取得许多进步，特别是因为产生量子比特的手段是极低的能量，需要非常接近绝对零度的温度。商用设备可以达到这些温度，但通常从其他设备、无线电台和其他来源发出的电子噪声会被测试设备接收。这阻止了电子达到观测量子效应所需的最低温度。这项拨款的目的是在这种极低温设备中开发降噪技术，从而能够研究量子特性，包括目前无法观察到的量子特性。我们希望研究的效应包括一些源于特定设备中电子的排斥力，形成一种新的构型，并表现得好像它们具有分数电荷。其他效应基于量子纠缠，它没有非量子对立物，并且产生于两个电子相互感知的特性，即使分开也会相互改变它们的特性。为了观察这些效应，需要在极低温度下非常详细和精确地将电子从任何干扰影响中隔离出来，这是本应用程序的目的，以建立这种隔离并研究可能出现的新量子特性。

In the past few years there has been a very high international interest in Quantum Physics leading to new Technologies. The success of these technologies will lead to advances in a range of activities including new types of sensor, secure communications and advanced computing with the ability to perform calculations not presently possible. This latter category is based on the properties of quantum systems to develop bits, so called qu-bits, which can take any value between 0 and 1 unlike present, conventional, bits which are 0 or 1. However the development of this technology requires many advances in techniques and understanding, particularly as the means of generating the qubits are extremely low energy requiring temperatures very close to the absolute zero. Commercial equipment is available for reaching these temperatures but often electronic noise emanating from other equipment, radio stations and other sources is picked up by the device under test. This prevents the electrons from reaching the lowest temperatures necessary to observe the quantum effects. It is the purpose of this grant to develop noise reduction techniques in this very low temperature equipment which enables investigation of quantum properties including those not presently observable. The effects which we hope to investigate include some which stem from the repulsion of electrons in specific devices forming a new type of configuration and behaving as if they had a fractional charge. Other effects are based on quantum entanglement, which has no non-quantum counterpart, and arises from the property of two electrons to sense each other and mutually change their properties even when apart. To observe these effects requires a very detailed and precise isolation of the elecrons from any disturbing influences at extremly low temperatures and it is the purpose of this application to establish this isolation and investigate the new quantum properties which may emerge.