SHUTTERING: Low carbon concrete Structures witH aUxeTic TextilE foRmworks as reinforcING element

目前的混凝土施工方法很少利用混凝土的流动性来创造优化的、复杂的结构形式。取而代之的是，他们依靠坚硬、扁平、不透水的模板来制造坚固、棱柱状、未经优化的形状，这些形状的材料效率很低，因此产生了大量的碳足迹，而使用波特兰水泥(PC)进一步恶化了这种情况，波特兰水泥的生产造成了全球约8%的二氧化碳排放。我们的目标是解决模板和水泥方面的这些关键限制，这些限制不仅会导致材料效率低下，增加具体碳，还会束缚结构混凝土设计的创造力。模板将开发一种新颖的、变革性的混凝土建筑方法，其基础是：(I)最初用作模板的两用拉伸纺织品--将混凝土浇注成创造性的、优化的几何形状，仅在需要的地方使用混凝土，然后作为钢筋--为结构硬化后提供刚度和强度；和(Ii)低碳混凝土，这种混凝土可以从工业废气中获得，与普通的波特兰水泥相比，它有可能减少70%的含碳量。这个项目开发的新概念将极大地推动建筑业的可持续制造：-大大提高材料的利用效率-只在需要的地方使用混凝土；-加快施工进程-通过消除脱模和使用AAB水泥；-避免钢筋加固-从而消除腐蚀风险和降低含碳量，并避免准备钢筋钢筋笼的耗时任务；-提高结构性能-由于纺织模板(外壳)固有的限制效应，并通过辅助材料的负泊松比进一步增强；-促进循环经济-因为AAB使用几个工业过程的副产品。这些项目的成果将使物联网应用中的混凝土结构元素具有新颖的智能功能，例如用于结构健康监测的基于扩散纤维的传感设备，并将为结构元素的组装/拆卸铺平道路，使混凝土结构的再利用成为现实。研究结果还将促进在颜色、纹理和雕刻图形方面对混凝土构件进行美学修饰的全新方法。该项目开发的材料在使用拉伸纺织品对现有混凝土结构进行结构改造方面的其他应用可以预测。

Current methods of concrete construction seldom utilise the fluidity of concrete to create optimised, complex structural forms. Instead, they rely on rigid, flat, impermeable formwork to create solid, prismatic, unoptimized shapes that have poor material efficiency and consequently a large carbon footprint that is further worsened by the use of Portland cement (PC), the production of which is responsible for ~8% of worldwide CO2 emissions. We aim to address these critical limitations in formwork and cement, which not only promote material inefficiency and increase embodied carbon but also shackle creativity in design with structural concrete. SHUTTERING will develop a novel, transformative approach to concrete construction based on (i) dual-purpose auxetic textiles that serve initially as formwork - to cast concrete into creative, optimal geometries that use concrete only where it is required, and then as reinforcement - offering stiffness and strength to the structure post-hardening; and (ii) low carbon concrete based on alkali activated binders that can be sourced from industrial waste streams and have the potential to reduce embodied carbon by 70% in comparison to ordinary Portland cement.The novel concepts developed in this project will give a significant impetus to sustainable manufacturing in the construction sector as they will:- improve material utilisation efficiency greatly - by using concrete only where needed; - speed up construction process - by eliminating need for de-moulding and using AAB cement; - avoid steel reinforcement - thus eliminating corrosion risk and reducing embodied energy, as well as avoiding the time-consuming task of preparing the reinforcement steel cages;- increase structural performance - due to the inherent confinement effects of textile formwork (casing), further augmented by the negative Poisson's ratio of the auxetics; - promote circular economy - since AAB use by-products from several industrial processes.Outcomes of the projects will enable novel intelligent functionalities of concrete structural elements for IoT applications, such as diffuse fibre-based sensing devices for the structural health monitoring, and will pave the road towards complex shapes for the assembly/disassembly of structural elements, making the reuse of concrete structure a reality. Results will also foster radically new approaches for aesthetical finishing of concrete elements, in term of colour, texture, and engraved graphics.Other applications of the materials developed in this project can be predicted in the field of structural retrofitting of existing concrete structures using auxetic textiles.