Data-driven exploration of the carbon emissions impact of grid energy storage deployment and dispatch

该研究项目的重点是电网储能的集成。具体而言，它旨在通过最佳定位和运营存储来展示碳排放量的节省，以避免减少可再生能源和额外的化石燃料发电。电网迫切需要从化石燃料发电转向风能、太阳能和核能等清洁能源。储能系统（各种类型，包括电池、飞轮、压缩空气等）可以为电网提供稳定性，容错性，电压支持，能量时移和其他好处，预计英国可能需要大量的存储来实现该国的净零目标。然而，目前尚不清楚存储的财务和环境效益是否一致。例如，如果存储设备远离过剩的可再生能源发电，位于拥挤网络的另一边，那么它可能会从化石燃料发电站充电。该项目测试了两个假设，第一个假设是，如果考虑到调度过程中存储的特定位置影响，可能会产生强大的碳排放效益，第二个假设是，电网中存储的最佳位置可以加速清洁能源发电机的建设。为了测试这些，我们将建立一个GB输电网模型，再加上一个市场模型，并使用它来研究几个场景，大致分为两个领域：第一，现有和即将建成的能源存储的排放性能如何，以及如何通过不同的调度存储来最佳地减少排放？其次，考虑到计划的发电和存储、计划的电网升级以及新的需求，电网的排放性能在未来5年、10年和15年将如何演变。最终，该项目将通过展示如何最好地选址和控制储能，以避免削减可再生能源和不必要地使用化石燃料发电站提供辅助服务，从而实现更大的电网碳排放节省。

This research project focuses on integration of grid energy storage. Specifically, it aims to demonstrate the carbon emissions savings possible by optimally locating and operating storage to avoid curtailment of renewables and additional fossil fuel generation. There is an urgent need for power grids to move away from fossil-fuelled generation to clean sources such as wind, solar and nuclear. Energy storage systems (of various types including batteries, flywheels, compressed air etc.) can provide stability, fault tolerance, voltage support, time shifting of energy and other benefits to power grids, and it is projected that substantial amounts of storage could be required in the UK to meet the country's net-zero targets. However, it is not clear whether the financial and environmental benefits of storage currently align. For example, if storage is placed far from excess renewable generation, on the other side of a congested network, then it may be charged from fossil-fuelled power stations. This project tests two hypotheses, the first that strong carbon emission benefits could result if the location-specific impacts of storage during dispatch are accounted for, and the second that optimal placement of storage within the power network enables accelerated build of clean energy generators. To test these, we will build a model of the GB transmission grid, coupled with a market model, and use this to investigate several scenarios, grouped broadly into two areas: First, what is the emissions performance of existing and soon-to-be-built energy storage, and how could emissions be optimally reduced by dispatching storage differently? Second, how will the emissions performance of the grid evolve over the next 5, 10 and 15 years considering planned generation and storage, planned grid upgrades, and new demand. Ultimately, the project will enable greater grid carbon emissions savings by demonstrating how energy storage may best be sited and controlled to avoid curtailment of renewables and unnecessary use of fossil fuel power stations for ancillary services.