Superconducting Gatemon Quantum Computing Enabled by CryoElectronics

量子处理器和量子计算机利用量子力学原理来分析、处理、存储和保护信息。因此，使用叠加操作的量子处理和计算将在速度、功率和安全性方面彻底改变我们传统的数据处理和计算方式，这将在国内和国际范围内影响我们的生活、经济和安全。大规模超导量子处理器拥有超过500个量子比特，而不是传统的量子比特，是实现量子计算机最有前途的平台之一。这些处理器的量子态，通常被称为超导传输中的相干性，对弱环境扰动（如材料缺陷、量子芯片中的电流噪声或与传输量子比特控制和读出电子设备相关的热负荷）是脆弱的。在这个为期三年的项目中，我们的团队和我们的项目合作伙伴的目标是：(i)开发一种由栅极电压控制和寻址的新型量子比特，而不是基于电流通量控制线运行的传统发射机。我们提出的量子比特被称为gatemon，我们的目标是在低损耗硅芯片上大规模制造它们。在单个量子芯片中，每个单独的闸子将由并联板电容器进行分流。我们将闸子大规模集成的策略是使用低损耗的二维材料来构建分流电容器。这种技术将使我们的量子芯片的体积缩小2000倍。gatemon芯片将在稀释冰箱的10mK级运行。所有的制造和测量都将在格拉斯哥大学詹姆斯瓦特纳米制造中心（JWNC）和量子技术中心进行。（ii）开发一种可以在低温下工作的概念现代电子产品，称为基于CMOS电子产品的低温电子产品。芯片将被安装在3K级的稀释冰箱，以控制和读出量子芯片。（iii）培训和教育下一代英国量子技术学生、学者和工程师，促进在具有重大国内和国际经济潜力和利益但严重就业短缺的研究领域的能力。SEQUENCE项目的成果将为量子计算科学和技术带来重大突破，为低温电子应用提供低功耗和可靠的设备，并使我们的工作的技术相关性在工业环境中奠定坚实的基础。

Quantum processors and quantum computers employ principles of quantum mechanics to analyse, process, store and protect information. Therefore, quantum processing and computing, operating using superposition, will revolutionise our conventional way of data processing and computing in speed, power, and security, which will affect our lives, economy, and security in national and international quantities. Superconducting quantum processors on large scale with a number of quantum bits, rather than classical bits, of more than 500, are one of the most promising platforms to realise quantum computers. The quantum state of these processors, commonly known as coherence in superconducting transmons, is fragile to weak environmental perturbations such as imperfection in materials, current noise in the quantum chip, or heat load associated with the transmon qubits control and read-out electronics. In this three years project, our team together with our project partners aim at:(i) developing a new type of qubits that are controlled and addressed by the gate voltage, rather than conventional transmons that are operating based on current flux control lines. Our proposed qubit is known as gatemon and we aim to fabricate them on large scale in a low-loss silicon chip. Each individual gatemon will be shunted by a parallel plate capacitor in a single quantum chip. Our strategy to integrate our gatemons on large scale is to use low-loss two-dimensional materials to build the shunted capacitors. Such technology would allow us to miniaturise the footprint of our gatemon quantum chips by > 2000 times smaller. The gatemon chips will be operated at the 10mK stage of a dilution refrigerator. All fabrication and measurements will take place at the University of Glasgow James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC), and at the Centre for Quantum Technology. (ii) developing a proof of concept modern electronics that can work at low temperatures, known as cryogenic electronics based on CMOS electronics. The chips will be mounted at the 3K stage of the dilution refrigerator to control and readout the gatemon quantum chips. (iii) training and educating a diverse cohort of next-generation UK quantum technology students, academics, and engineers promoting capability in a research field with significant national and international economic potential and interests but with significant employment shortage. The outputs of the SEQUENCE project will deliver a major breakthrough to quantum computing science and technology, advance low-power and reliable devices for cryoelectronic applications, and allow the technological relevance of our work to be placed on a sound footing in the industrial context.