MultidiSciplinary and MultIscale approach for coupLed processes induced by geo-Energies

地热能、二氧化碳储存和地下能源储存等地能在实现《巴黎协定》气候变化目标方面具有巨大潜力。然而，由于缺乏对大规模流体注入/提取在地下诱发的过程的充分了解，这些技术的部署一直受到阻碍。所涉及的各种过程（例如，流体流动、地质力学、地球化学和热效应）意味着复杂的相互作用，如果不考虑主导的耦合过程，就无法预测，而这是很少做的。因此，一些早期的地能项目偶尔会产生意想不到的后果，如有震感和破坏性的诱发地震、天然气泄漏和含水层污染，从而削弱了公众对地能的认识。SMILE旨在通过培训新一代的年轻研究人员，使他们成为理解和预测耦合过程的专家，从而克服这些挑战，开发地球能源解决方案。因此，他们将能够在保护地下水和相关生态系统的同时，为成功部署地下低碳能源提出创新的解决方案。为了实现这一雄心勃勃的目标，早期阶段的研究人员将接受跨学科培训，内容包括耦合过程的实验、数学和数值模拟、升级技术和利用高仪器化试点试验和工业现场的现场数据进行地面变形监测。SMILE的培训是由学术界和工业界合作伙伴设计的，目的是培训具有技术科学和可转移技能的有竞争力的研究人员，以提高他们在学术界、工业界和公共部门的就业能力。该项目的产出将在很大程度上传播。通过一系列引人注目的举措，向社会伸出援手。SMILE将为确保清洁和低碳能源的社会挑战做出重大贡献。

Geo-energies, such as geothermal energy, CO2 storage and underground energy storage, have a great potential to contribute to meet the Paris Agreement targets on climate change. Yet, their deployment has been hindered by a lack of a full understanding of the processes that are induced in the subsurface by large-scale fluid injection/extraction. The various processes involved (e.g., fluid flow, geomechanical, geochemical and thermal effects) imply complex interactions that cannot be predicted without considering the dominant coupled processes, which is rarely done. As a result, some early geo-energy projects have occasionally developed unpredicted consequences, such as felt and damaging induced earthquakes, gas leakage and aquifer contamination, dampening public perception on geo-energies. SMILE aims at overcoming these challenges in developing geo-energy solutions by training a new generation of young researchers that will become experts in understanding and predicting coupled processes. Thus, they will be capable of proposing innovative solutions for the successful deployment of subsurface low-carbon energy sources while protecting groundwater and related ecosystems. To achieve this ambitious goal, the early-stage researchers will be exposed to an interdisciplinary training on experimental, mathematical and numerical modelling of coupled processes, upscaling techniques and ground deformation monitoring using field data from highly instrumented pilot tests and industrial sites. The training in SMILE has been designed by both academic and industrial partners to train competitive researchers with both technical-scientific and transferable skills to enhance their employability in academia, industry and public sector. The outputs of the project will be largely disseminated. Outreach to society will be achieved through a conspicuous series of initiatives. SMILE will make a significant contribution to the societal challenges of securing clean and low-carbon energy sources.