FIRE-ADAPT: The Role of Integrated Fire Management on Climate Change Adaptation for Ecosystem Services in Tropical and Subtropical Regions

在过去的几年里，极端的野火已经成为国际关注的焦点，在世界许多地方，如法国、希腊、意大利、巴西（亚马逊河流域）和加利福尼亚，毁灭性的火灾引发了广泛的媒体报道和政治关注。这类火灾一旦失控，就会破坏大片地区，造成前所未有的生物多样性损失，向大气中排放大量温室气体，造成人员伤亡和与烟雾有关的疾病，并摧毁整个社区、村庄甚至城镇。气候变化是这类野火的主要驱动因素之一。与此同时，直接（如土地利用变化、灭火政策）和间接（如气候变化）人为活动深刻地改变了野火制度。综合消防管理（IFM或可持续消防管理）已被国际消防界确定为解决这一问题的关键解决方案之一，需要跨学科的方法。IFM包括一系列行动，旨在减少不受欢迎的野火的范围和严重程度，同时保持（或改善）生物多样性、生态系统服务和人类福祉。fire - adapt旨在通过汇集地中海盆地和拉丁美洲各地区的专业知识，解决火灾类型及其不同背景的全部多样性，以提高我们对IFM在野火预防和加强自然和文化生态系统服务方面的作用的理解。该联盟已经在地中海国家（西班牙、法国、意大利）和拉丁美洲国家（巴西、墨西哥、阿根廷）建立了6个研究中心，以促进科学实践者的交流，并加强合作和网络。FIRE-ADAPT的最终目的是促进人们了解IFM的哪些做法能够以文化上公正和有意义的方式加强碳减排和基于自然的解决方案潜力，以及减轻野火风险。

In the last few years, extreme wildfires have risen to international prominence, with widespread media coverage and political attention triggered by devastating fires in many places of the world, e.g. France, Greece, Italy, Brazil (the Amazon), and California. Such fires get out of control and devastate large areas causing unprecedented losses of biodiversity, emitting huge quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, causing human losses and smoke-related diseases, and ravaging entire neighbourhoods, villages, or even towns. Climate change is among the key drivers of such wildfires. At the same time, wildfire regimes have been profoundly modified by direct (e.g. land-use change, fire suppression policies) and indirect (e.g. climate change) anthropogenic actions. Integrated Fire Management (IFM or sustainable fire management) has been identified by the international fire community as one of the key solutions to address the problem, requiring an interdisciplinary approach. IFM includes sets of actions aimed at reducing the extent and severity of undesired wildfires while maintaining (or improving) biodiversity, ecosystem services and human wellbeing. FIRE-ADAPT aims at addressing the full diversity of fire types and their different contexts by bringing together expertise from across regions from the Mediterranean Basin and Latin America for the purpose of improving our understanding of the role of IFM for wildfire prevention and for enhancing natural and cultural ecosystem services. The consortium has set up six Study Hubs in Mediterranean countries (Spain, France, Italy) and Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina), to facilitate science-practitioner exchanges and to enhance collaborations and networking. The ultimate intention of FIRE-ADAPT is to contribute to improving knowledge on what practices of IFM can enhance carbon abatement and nature-based solution potential, as well as wildfire risk mitigation, in culturally just and meaningful ways.