MECHANISMS OF HORMONE AND TRANSMITTER SECRETION

分泌过程的调节和外部的机制 钙的激活和内部控制仍然是主要的 LCBG的利益。 在经典的嗜铬细胞系统中， 发现调节嗜铬细胞分泌的烟碱受体 颗粒内容物通过胞吐作用本身由σ阿片控制 受体。 嗜铬颗粒含有多巴胺单加氧酶（DBH） 负责合成去甲肾上腺素 我们发现 外源性ATP通过一种机制调节嗜铬颗粒DBH功能 与质子泵效应无关。 一个主要的嗜铬颗粒 细胞色素b561是一种膜蛋白， 染色体17 q11-qter。 当嗜铬细胞受到更多刺激时 颗粒内容物被合成，但细胞色素b561水平得以维持。 新的囊泡显然有更大的分泌量子。 胰岛 郎格罕氏细胞对葡萄糖和其他刺激物作出反应而分泌胰岛素。 我们 发现葡萄糖和毒蕈碱激动剂增强的分泌都是 由来自细胞内和细胞外来源的钙介导。 新生大鼠胰岛的葡萄糖敏感机制是无功能的， 被认为是II型糖尿病发生变化的模型。 然而，在这方面， 葡萄糖敏感性可通过暴露胰岛而过早诱导 催乳素 内皮细胞的形成相对于 不渗透的床单在文化中，并结合在一起的荧光黄- 分隔的缝隙连接 白蛋白对内皮细胞有调节作用 渗透性是物种特异性的。 抗坏血酸积累和 在活化的人嗜中性粒细胞中循环增强。 原位动力学 抗坏血酸利用率可用于评估真正的需求， 伙计 抗坏血酸盐的毒性作用是抑制胰岛素分泌 从孤立的胰岛，并可能是严格控制血液的基础， 在完整的有机体中。 胞吐控制过程中的钙作用 完整生物体内的血液水平。 胞吐过程中的钙作用 膜融合可能是由突触蛋白（膜联蛋白VII）控制的，我们有 最近将人共联蛋白基因定位于染色体10q21.1-21.2。 的 该基因的结构不同于膜联蛋白基因的其他成员 家人 在预期的研究与synexin敲除小鼠，我们有 从小鼠中克隆了突触蛋白，并对小鼠突触蛋白进行了表征 基因组序列 这与人类的情况几乎相同。 钙 肌肉中的代谢也已经用局部麻醉剂进行了研究 丁卡因 在龙虾中也发现了Rynaodine受体 骨骼肌。 最后，β淀粉样蛋白离子通道已经被进一步研究。 作为可能的毒性物质， 老年痴呆症

Regulation of secretory processes and the mechanisms of external activation and internal control by calcium continue to be the principal interests of the LCBG. In the classical chromaffin cell system we have found that the nicotinic receptor regulating secretion of chromaffin granule contents by exocytosis is itself controlled by sigma opiate receptors. Chromaffin granules contain dopamine monooxygenase (DBH) which is responsible for synthesis of noradrenaline. We found that external ATP regulates DBH function in chromaffin granules by a mechanism unrelated to effects of proton pumping. A major chromaffin granule membrane protein cytochrome b561 has been cloned and localized to human chromosome 17q11-qter. When the chromaffin cell is stimulated more granule contents are synthesized but cytochrome b561 levels maintained. The new vesicles apparently have greater secretory quanta. Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin in response to glucose and other stimuli. We found that both glucose- and muscarinic agonist-potentiated secretion is mediated by calcium from both intracellular and extracellular sources. Glucose sensing mechanisms in neonatal rat islets are non-functional, and are thought to model changes occurring during type II diabetes. However, glucose sensitivity can be prematurely induced by exposure of the islets to prolactin. Endothelial cells have been shown to form relatively impermeable sheets in culture, and to join together by lucifer yellow- delimited gap junctions. Albumin has a modulatory effect on endothelium permeability which is species specific. Ascorbic acid accumulation and recycling is enhanced in activated human neutrophils. In situ kinetics of ascorbate utilization can be used to evaluate true requirements for man. A toxic effect of ascorbate is the suppression of insulin secretion from isolated islets, and may be the basis for the tight control of blood levels in intact organisms. Calcium action during exocytotic control of blood levels in intact organisms. Calcium action during exocytotic membrane fusion may be controlled by synexin (annexin VII), and we have recently localized human synexin gene to chromosome 10q21.1-21.2. The structure of the gene varies from other members of the annexin gene family. In anticipation of studies with a synexin knockout mouse we have cloned synexin from mouse, and have characterized the mouse synexin genomic sequence. It is virtually identical to the human case. Calcium metabolism in muscle has also been studied with the local anesthetic tetracaine. Rynaodine receptors have also been characterized in lobster skeletal muscle. Finally, beta amyloid ion channels have been further characterized and evaluated as possible toxic agents in the genesis of Alzheimer's disease.