LIB Sparks - Gases, sparks and flames - a numerical study of lithium-ion battery failure in closed spaces and its mitigation

锂离子电池(LIB)在欧盟创建碳中性经济方面发挥着关键作用。然而，在热/机械/电滥用下，LIBS的电解液溶剂蒸发和沸腾，导致内部压力和温度上升释放有毒气体，随后其他电池组件分解，释放易燃气体和火花，导致热失控(TR)和火灾。然而，对于有毒气体和火花的排放缺乏洞察力，这有助于制定缓解措施来提高激光安全性。该项目的目的是在开源计算流体动力学(CFD)程序OpenFOAM的框架内开发和验证一个健壮的模型，用于描述TR在封闭簇/包中的整个演化和传播过程。具体目标包括：1.开发一种可靠的可燃气体生成和伴随的室内压力上升的模拟方法，并用已发表的和新兴的文献数据验证该模型。利用验证后的模型填补了关于TR值演化全过程的实验空白，并预测了喷出时的气体成分和温度。开发一种可行的方法，从公布的测量中获得颗粒的尺寸分布和组成。将模型推广到摩擦带电、电弧化和电火花加热效应。模拟气体和颗粒的喷射，以及在露天空间产生的火灾。模拟闭合细胞团，考察火花对TR传播的影响，并用文献数据进行验证。建议和评估潜在的保护和缓解措施。目标可以通过在开发的不同阶段验证的成功来衡量。这一开发将由另一位独立运行模拟的主机研究人员进行验证。

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) plays a key role towards creating a carbon-neutral economy in the EU. However, under thermal/mechanical/ electric abuse, the electrolyte solvents of LIBs evaporate and boil, leading to internal pressure and temperature rise to release toxic gases, followed by decomposition of other cell components, releasing flammable gases and sparks leading to thermal runaway (TR) and fire. Insight is, however, lacking about the emissions of toxic gases and sparks, which can help development of mitigation measures to improve LIB safety.The project aims to develop and validate a robust model within the frame of open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM for the whole process of TR evolution and the propagation of TR in closed clusters/packs. The specific objectives include:1. Develop a robust modelling approach for the generation of flammable gases and the accompanying cell internal pressure rise during TR and validate the model with published and emerging literature data.2. Use the validated model to fill the experimental gaps about the whole process of TR evolution and predict the gas composition and temperature at the time of ejections.3. Develop a viable approach to obtain particle size distribution and composition from the published measurements.4. Extend the model to address the tribo-electric charging, electric arcing and heating effects of the sparks.5. Simulate ejections of gases and particles as well as the resulting fire in the open.6. Simulate closed cell clusters to examine the effects of sparks on TR propagation and validate with literature data.7. Propose and evaluate potential protection and mitigation measures.The objectives can be measured by the success of validation at different stages of the development. The development will be verified by another researcher of the host running simulations independently.