Developing Nanoscale Passivation Layers for Tandem Solar Cell Interfaces: Towards Terawatt-Scale Solar PV

为了减少二氧化碳排放，向可再生能源发电转变是至关重要的。最便宜的方法是用太阳能光伏发电取代化石燃料发电。2022年，全球太阳能光伏累计装机量达到1太瓦（TW），即100万* 100万瓦。专家预测，到2050年，必须安装多达70太瓦的太阳能光伏发电，才能迅速实现能源经济的电气化。因此，太阳能科学家和工业制造商需要付出巨大的努力来避免气候灾难。最近，钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池的效率超过了30%，然而，用于实现这一壮举的硅电池的设计与大规模生产不兼容。因此，重新设计硅电池至关重要，以实现高效钙钛矿/硅串联电池的工业大规模生产，从而进一步降低太阳能光伏发电的平准化电力成本（LCOE）。本研究项目的目标可以简单地描述为：1。为适应串联结构，开发和优化硅PERC前表面的纳米层钝化和互连层。2. 利用所开发的电池设计，演示了效率为>28%的钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池。这将是效率最高的大面积工业上可行的串联电池。

To reduce CO2 emissions, it is critical to shift towards renewable electricity generation. The cheapest way to do so is to replace fossil fuel generation with solar photovoltaics. In 2022, the world reached a milestone of 1 terawatt (TW) - 1 million * 1 million watts - of cumulative installed solar PV. Experts predict that as much as 70 TW of solar PV must be installed by 2050 to rapidly electrify the energy economy. Therefore, a tremendous effort is required by solar scientists and industrial manufacturers to avoid climate disaster. Recently, perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells achieved efficiencies exceeding 30%, however, the design of the silicon cell used to achieve this feat is not compatible with mass production. Therefore, it is critical to redesign the silicon cell to enable the industrial mass manufacture of high efficiency perovskite / silicon tandem cells that will further reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from solar PV. The goals of this research project can be concisely described as: 1. The development and optimisation of nanolayer passivation and interconnection layers for the front surface of a silicon PERC to accommodate a tandem structure. 2. The demonstration of a perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell with efficiency >28% using the developed cell design. This will be the highest efficiency large area industrially feasible tandem cell.