Hardware Security Module for secure delegated Quantum Cloud Computing

该项目的目标是开发一个独立的可信执行模块，实现安全的云量子计算。该模块将在项目内进行验证，展示世界上第一个用于多用户量子云应用的光子量子计算实现的安全光学访问的全栈软硬件集成。在接下来的三年里，该联盟将进行(1)研究、(2)开发、(3)测试、(4)验证和(5)演示HSM-QCC概念，以掩盖云计算机的计算任务。该项目建立在硬件安全、量子云计算、光子实验和软件编译等多个互补领域的十年研发基础上。该联盟成员提出了量子环境下可信执行环境的原始理论想法，即QEnclave，证明了在可信环境中通过单量子比特旋转置乱输入态足以确保任何通用量子计算的安全。然而，这一核心思想的实施需要该联盟的多学科互补专业知识，以确保所有部件都可以组装在一起来演示和验证愿景。目标可信环境将是一个具有单量子比特量子旋转功能的改进型硬件安全模块(HSM)，与可扩展的量子云平台共存。远程用户使用到量子云平台的经典密码链接，可以安全地混淆其所需的量子计算。状态的置乱将根据HSM内部的通用盲量子计算原理进行。为了实现这一目标，该联盟将使用通用编译器，将用户的目标量子算法映射到交互式客户端-服务器协议，并为我们的安全模块量身定做。

The objective of this project is to develop a standalone trusted execution module that enables secure cloud quantum computing. This module will undergo validation within the project by demonstrating a full stack software-hardware integration of the world's first secure optical access to a photonic quantum computing implementation for multi-user quantum cloud applications.Over the next three years, the consortium will conduct a (1) study, (2) development, (3) testing, (4) validation, and (5) demonstration of the HSM-QCC concept to obscure the computational task of the cloud computer. This project builds on a decade of research and development in several complementary domains, including hardware security, Quantum Cloud Computing, Photonic experiment, and software compilation.The original theoretical idea of a trusted execution environment in the quantum setting, namely QEnclave, was proposed by the members of the consortium which demonstrated that scrambling input states by single-qubit rotations in a trusted environment is sufficient to secure any universal quantum computing. However, the implementation of this core idea requires the multidisciplinary complementary expertise of this consortium to ensure all pieces can be assembled together to demonstrate and validate the vision.The target trusted environment will be a modified Hardware Security Module (HSM) with single-qubit quantum rotation functionalities, co-located with a scalable quantum cloud platform. A remote user, utilizing a classical cryptographic link to a quantum cloud platform,can securely obfuscate its desired quantum computation. The scrambling of the state will be performed according to the principle of Universal Blind Quantum Computing inside the HSM.To achieve this goal, the consortium will employ a general-purpose compiler that maps the target quantum algorithm of a user to an interactive client-server protocol and tailor it for our secure module.