IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES IN ECTOTHERMIC VERTEBRATES

总体目标是更好地理解细胞和亚细胞 鱼的免疫反应的各个方面。大部分拟议的工作都集中在 关于体外诱导和调控的研究步骤 斑点叉尾鱼对TD和TI抗原的抗体应答 具有相当重要经济价值的硬骨鱼，以前曾被证明 具有与高等动物相似的B细胞、T细胞和附属细胞。 提出了实验来回答五个尚未解决的重要基本问题 在任何鱼类中都能接近。1)鱼有可分离的帮手和 相互作用以调节免疫反应的抑制细胞？2) 鱼免疫反应所必需的抗原处理和/或提呈， 如果是这样的话，是什么细胞(S)执行这一功能？3)鱼的免疫反应 涉及一系列白细胞介素谱的参与，如IL-1， 白介素2和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(S)？4)早期的关键事件是什么？ 激活FISH淋巴细胞以促进有丝分裂及其后续 分化？5)FISH T和B细胞质膜是否表现出 不同的结构和功能特性？这些问题的答案是 将评估问题的反应性贡献(如果有) 鱼对TD一抗反应的低温免疫抑制 抗原。这些拟议研究的完成不仅将提供 迄今为止，缺乏关于比较或系统发育方面的信息 但也可能解释了已经建立起来的 对低温免疫抑制现象知之甚少 所有外生(冷血)脊椎动物。此外，能够 通过与生理相关的环境操纵鱼类的免疫反应 温度变化为研究内部的相互作用增加了一个新的维度 鱼的免疫系统是不可行的，比较常见的 研究高等吸热动物。

The overall objective is to better understand the cellular and subcellular aspects of immune responses in fish. Most of the proposed work is focused on studying the steps involved in the induction and regulation of in vitro antibody responses to TD and TI antigens with the channel catfish, a teleost fish of considerable economic importance and previously shown to have B cells, T cells and accessory cells akin to those in higher animals. Experiments are proposed to answer five important basic questions yet to be approached in any fish species. 1) Do fish have separable helper and suppressor cells which interact to regulate immune responses? 2) Is antigen processing and/or presentation necessary for fish immune responses, and if so, what cell(s) performs this function? 3) Do fish immune reponses involve the participation of a spectrum of interleukins, such as Il-1, IL-2, and BCGF(s)? 4) What are the critical early events involved in the activation of fish lymphocytes for mitogenesis and subsequent differentiation? 5) Do fish T and B cell plasma membranes exhibit different structural and functional properties? The answers to these questions will be evaluated for their reactive contributions, if any, to low temperature iommunosuppression of fish primary antibody responses to TD antigens. Completion of these proposed studies will not only provide heretofore lacking information on the comparative or phylogenetic aspects of specific immune responses but may also explain the well established but poorly understood phenomenon of low temperature immunosuppression seen in all ectothermic (cold blooded) vertebrates. Furthermore the ability to manipulate fish immune responses by physiologically relevant environmental temperature changes adds a novel dimension to studying interactions within the immune system of fish that is not feasible with the more commonly studied higher endothermic animals.