BASIC AND CLINICAL STUDIES OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

该计划项目带来了积累的专业知识和多样化的 伊顿的14名知名调查人员的智力观点- 皮博迪实验室将承担一些基本问题 脊椎动物的听觉机制。该实验室提供广泛的覆盖范围。 包括解剖学、生理学、化学、 药理学、电子工程学和心理学，再加上临床 神经学和耳鼻喉科的专业知识。九个拟议项目目标 一些仍然知之甚少的领域。中耳研究 结合中耳工程型研究人员的视角 机械学与外科医生的执业耳科医生的观点来解决 关于非听骨声传输的问题，直接问题 与中耳病变的外科治疗相关。内耳 研究结合了生理学和电子工程学的专业知识 研究感官离子动态平衡的机制 上皮细胞，对它的理解是解释细胞 对内耳的各种侮辱做出反应，包括噪音-或 药物导致的听力损失。在由四个人组成的相互关联的小组中 解剖学、生理学和药理学项目，七名研究人员 集中他们的专业知识来研究大脑中部和内部的声反射 耳朵。这些主要的反馈途径可以具有多种功能，其中之一 其中可能是为了改进在噪声环境中的信号检测。 了解这些反射的操作特征是相关的 对于听障人士的问题是复杂的而不是简单的 阈值发生了变化。另一个由三个项目组成的相互关联的分组是 针对中枢神经系统处理听觉信息的方式 系统。从系统的角度来看，提出了两个项目，其中 音高知觉的神经元处理机制和 将研究声音在空间中的本地化。最后一个项目旨在 测量不同神经元的贡献并建立数学模型 脑干听觉诱发反应的类型。由此产生的 信息最终将导致Evoked的新临床用途 在诊断尚无听力障碍的听觉功能障碍中的潜力 清晰明了的有机起源。

This Program Project brings the cumulative expertise and varied intellectual perspectives of 14 established investigators in the Eaton- Peabody Laboratory to bear on a number of fundamental issues underlying vertebrate auditory mechanisms. The laboratory offers broad-based coverage of scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, chemistry, pharmacology, electrical engineering, and psychology, coupled with clinical expertise in neurology and otolaryngology. Nine proposed projects target a number of areas that are still poorly understood. Middle-ear studies combine the perspectives of engineering-based researchers of middle-ear mechanics with the surgical perspectives of practicing otologists to tackle issues concerning non-ossicular acoustic transmission, issues directly relevant to surgical management of middle-ear pathologies. Inner-ear studies combine physiological and electrical-engineering expertise to investigate mechanisms underlying ionic homeostasis in the sensory epithelium, an understanding of which is key to explaining the cellular response to a wide range of insults to the inner ear, including noise- or drug-induced hearing losses. In an interconnected grouping of four anatomical, physiological and pharmacological projects, seven researchers pool their expertise to study the acoustic reflexes of the middle and inner ears. These major feedback pathways can have a variety of functions, one of which may be to improve signal detection in noisy environments. Understanding the operating characteristics of these reflexes is relevant to problems of the hearing impaired that are more complex than simple threshold changes. Another interconnected grouping of three projects is directed at how auditory information is processed by the central nervous system. From a systems perspective, two projects are proposed in which the neuronal processing schemes underlying pitch perception and the localization of sounds in space will be studied. The last project aims to measure and mathematically model the contribution of different neuronal types to the brainstem auditory evoked responses. The resulting information should eventually lead to new clinical uses of evoked potentials in the diagnosis of auditory malfunctions that have as yet no clearly articulated organic origins.