STATISTICAL INTERFERENCE FOR QUANTUM SYSTEMS

这个高度跨学科的项目致力于 近年来生物医学应用的研究与实践可行性 开发了统计决策程序，对已知的数据进行操作 被量子力学的噪音所支配。 在过去的十年里，这一方法被成功地应用于 电子通信工程师，特别是那些涉及 量子光学系统，并允许统计学家第一次， 承担近乎经典的统计决策理论的机会 例如，在已知的数据上，原则上没有联合 分发。 后者，非常不直观的事实，以及其他同样好的事实 通过实验建立的，所有这些都对如何 统计学家必须重新考虑实验和数据的计划 对发生在分子水平上的过程的分析。这是 尤其重要的是，例如，当关键实验需要， 低功率水平，以便不扭曲真实的潜在生物 进程(在这种情况下，收集的数据不多)或何时 重要但罕见的事件或标记必须与其他事件或标记区分开来 噪声的来源，包括量子噪声。 具有特殊生物医学意义的是这种新的配对 量子相容统计理论和技术在快速发展中的应用 发展基于光的成像设备和检测方法的领域， 以及使用其他形式的辐射的分析技术。可能的 因此，生物医学应用可能包括：减少剂量的正电子发射断层扫描； 实时、基于激光、低照度的生物共聚焦显微镜 细胞和组织。令人感兴趣的还有涉及以下内容的应用程序 生物发光分子标记和增强化学发光， 将允许非侵入性、非破坏性地研究生物 在单个分子和原子水平上的过程。此外，任何 在相对较新的分子电子学和电子学领域 利用超晶格和量子井，以及对孤立的操作 被捕获的电子、离子、原子、分子或生物有机体，可以 提供最优统计估计的初始实验背景 和决策，在量子噪声存在的情况下。

This highly interdisciplinary project is dedicated to the theoretical study and practical feasibility of biomedical applications of recently developed statistical decision procedures that operate on data known to be dominated by quantum-mechanical noise. The methodology has been successfully used over the last decade by electrical communications engineers, particularly those involved with quantum optics systems, and allows the statistician, for the first time, the opportunity to undertake nearly-classical statistical decision theory on data that, for example, are known to have, in principle no joint distribution. This latter, highly non-intuitive fact, and others that are equally well experimentally established, all have fundamental consequences for how statisticians must re-think the planning of experiments and data anlayses for processes occurring at the molecular level. This is especially important, for example, when the crucial experiments require, low power levels so as to not distort the true underlying biological processes (in which case not much data can be collected) or when important, but rare, events or markers must be sorted out from other sources of noise, including quantum noise. Of special biomedical interest are novel pairings of this quantum-consistent statistical theory and technologies in the rapidly developing field of light-based imaging devices and detection methods, and analysis techniques using other forms of radiation. Possible biomedical applications thus could include: reduced-dose PET scans; real-time, laser-based, reduced-illumination confocal microscopy of living cells and tissue. Also of interest are applications that involve bioluminescent molecular tagging and enhanced chemiluminescence, which would allow the non-invasive, non-destructive study of biological processes at the level of individual molecules and atoms. Moreover any of the relatively new fields of molecular electronics and electronics using super-lattices and quantum wells, and the manipulation of isolated trapped electons, ions, atoms, molecules or biological organisms, may provide the initial experimental contexts for optimal statistical estimatio and decision making, in the presence of quantum noise.