Rising Powers in African agriculture: Are China and Brazil bringing new paradigms to agricultural development cooperation?

中国和巴西不仅成为非洲国际发展合作的重要新参与者；与其他新兴大国一起，他们还声称正在以一种新的方式合作，其特点是团结、相互学习和“双赢”交流，而不是条件限制、控制和单向知识转移。一些人声称，这相当于一种“新范式”，与近几十年来老牌捐助国（其中许多是前殖民国家）所采取的做法形成对比。这项研究将研究农业发展合作部门的这些问题，这对撒哈拉以南非洲的可持续发展和减贫至关重要，对英国也是如此，英国既是非洲农业援助的主要提供者（无论是直接援助还是通过国际农业研究协商小组等国际组织），也是非洲农产品的主要消费者。在农业和其他领域，英国与新兴大国都认为非洲是主要资源的重要来源和不断增长的市场，这意味着了解非洲大陆农业发展合作不断变化的格局对英国的经济和外交政策利益都很重要。该项目将通过创新的国际伙伴关系来实施。这将把来自英国和一系列非洲国家的研究人员与中国和巴西的同事联系起来，这些研究人员已经通过建立良好且有影响力的国际发展研究所领导的未来农业联盟联系起来，这些研究人员正在积极研究他们国家新的发展合作项目。拟议的研究将从绘图阶段开始，该阶段将生成中国和巴西在非洲农业发展合作项目的第一个综合地理参考数据库。随后将对在埃塞俄比亚、加纳、莫桑比克和津巴布韦进行的这些项目样本进行深入的个案研究。这些案例研究将考察中国和巴西的经验和专业知识如何与非洲农业的现实以及非洲科学家和农民的观点相结合。跨项目、国家和干预类型的比较分析将解决发展合作的“新范式”是否正在真正出现的问题，并评估它们对未来援助政策的影响。这反过来将有助于与非洲、巴西、中国和英国的政策进程以及主要国际论坛的持续接触，包括将于2013年和2014年在英国和俄罗斯担任八国集团轮值主席国期间就千年发展目标于2015年到期后的发展前景进行的讨论。本项目探讨了“新兴大国和相互依存的未来呼吁”所有主题下提出的问题。

China and Brazil are not only emerging as major new players in international development cooperation in Africa; along with other Rising Powers, they are also claiming to be working in a new way, characterised by solidarity, mutual learning and "win-win" exchanges rather than conditionality, control and one-way knowledge transfer. Some claim that this amounts to a "new paradigm", contrasted with the approaches followed over recent decades by the established donor countries (many of which are former colonial powers). This study will examine these issues in the agricultural development cooperation sector, which is critically important for sustainable development and poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa - as well as for the UK, which is both a major provider of aid to African agriculture (whether directly or through international organisations like the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) and a major consumer of African agricultural produce. In agriculture as in other sectors, the UK shares with the Rising Powers a perception that Africa is an important source of primary resources and growing markets, which means that understanding the changing landscape of agricultural development cooperation on the continent is important for the UK economically as well as foreign policy interests.The project will be carried out through an innovative international partnership. This will connect researchers from institutions in the UK and a range of African countries, who are already linked through the well-established and influential IDS-led Future Agricultures Consortium, with colleagues from China and Brazil who are actively engaged in studying their countries' new development cooperation engagements. The proposed research will begin with a mapping phase that will generate the first comprehensive geo-referenced database of Chinese and Brazilian agricultural development cooperation projects in Africa. This will be followed by in-depth case studies of a sample of these projects taking place in Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The case studies will examine the ways in which experience and expertise from China and Brazil engage with the realities of African agriculture and the perspectives of African scientists and farmers. Comparative analysis across projects, countries and types of intervention will address the question of whether "new paradigms" of development cooperation are actually emerging, and assess their implications for the future of aid policy. This in turn will contribute to an ongoing process of engagement with policy processes in Africa, Brazil, China and the UK, as well as in key international fora, including the discussions that will take place under the UK and Russian Presidencies of the G8 in 2013 and 2014 on the future of development beyond the expiry in 2015 of the Millennium Development Goals.This project addresses issues raised under all the themes of the Rising Powers and Interdependent Futures Call.