Increasing women's motivation to embark on and succeed in the surgical career.

该提案寻求彼得斯和瑞安与皇家外科学院（RCS）和手术刀（英国最大的本科外科学会）合作的支持，将他们之前的esrc资助的研究转化为一揽子女性手术（WIS）干预措施，旨在提高女性走上外科事业并取得成功的动力。这种干预既及时又对英国公众的长期福祉至关重要。首先，通过增加女性的外科职业动机，这些干预措施有望纠正女性在外科手术中的系统性代表性不足。尽管女性现在在英国医学院占主导地位，但她们从事外科职业的可能性远低于男性同事，更不可能有资格担任顾问。其次，通过鼓励在本科人才库中日益占主导地位的女性追求外科职业并取得成功，这些干预措施将确保英国公众能够获得所需的外科技能。英国目前正面临外科医生短缺的问题，而迅速老龄化的人口将加剧这一问题。第三，通过提高妇女的积极性，干预措施将减少与有能力的女性受训人员的高流动率相关的NHS成本。WIS干预是Peters和Ryan最近研究的直接应用，该研究揭示了基于身份的过程是女性在高地位职业中较低的职业动机的原因。具体来说，研究表明，女性很可能认为自己不符合外科等高地位职业的刻板男性形象。重要的是，这种身份契合感的缺失首先降低了女性追求职业的动机；对于那些已经开始从事这一职业的人来说，这降低了他们成功的动力，增加了他们“选择退出”的倾向。我们试图将这些发现应用于与RCS和Scalpel合作设计和运行的一揽子干预措施中。这些干预措施采用三管齐下的方法，包括(a)系列研讨会，(b)多媒体资源平台和(c)干预评估方案，旨在针对妇女的外科职业动机。WIS系列研讨会将针对英国顶级会议上的医科学生和外科培训生，传播关于身份匹配动态在妇女动机中的作用的知识。该系列研讨会还将通过提高女性外科医生榜样的知名度，直接增强女性对身份契合度的认知，这些榜样挑战了外科医生是或必须是某种特定类型的人的观念。通过确保会议是一个对性别问题敏感的环境，使主要组织有机会传达其对多样性的承诺，将加强干预措施。一个重要的研讨会将在医学教育者会议上举行，并将侧重于知识的传播，以便那些最适合监督和管理外科职业管道的人了解这些问题，并有权制定自己的干预措施。为了确保该系列研讨会的传播和干预内容能够持续面向全国受众，该系列将得到多媒体资源平台的补充，包括WIS Vodcast、WIS系列研讨会网站和WIS支持网络。最后，一项评估计划将伴随干预措施，以记录其在增加研讨会参与者（相对于非参与者）的动机方面的有效性，包括立即和干预后的几个月。如有可能，将收集指示性行为信息。这将为未来的研讨会提供信息，确保RCS和手术刀实施最佳实践，以增加女性在手术中的存在，并为未来的研究提供信息。

This proposal seeks support for Peters and Ryan to partner with the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) and Scalpel (the UK's largest undergraduate surgical society) to translate their previous ESRC-funded research into a package of Women in Surgery (WIS) interventions designed to boost women's motivation to embark on and succeed in a surgical career. This intervention is both timely and essential for the long-term wellbeing of the UK public. First, by increasing women's surgical career motivation the interventions promise to redress the systematic underrepresentation of women in surgery. While women now dominate UK medical schools they are far less likely than male colleagues to pursue a career in surgery and even less likely to qualify as consultants. Second, by encouraging the women who increasingly dominate the undergraduate talent pool to pursue and succeed in a surgical career, the interventions will ensure the UK public has access to the surgical skills that it requires. The UK is currently experiencing a shortage of surgeons and the rapidly aging population will exacerbate this problem. Third, by increasing women's motivation the interventions will reduce NHS costs associated with the high turnover of capable female trainees. The WIS interventions are a direct application of Peters and Ryan's recent research which revealed that identity-based processes account for women's lower levels of career motivation in high status occupations. Specifically, the research demonstrates that women are likely to perceive that they do not fit in with the stereotypically masculine image that defines high status occupations like surgery. Importantly, this perceived lack of identity fit reduces women's motivation to pursue the occupation in the first place; and amongst those who have already embarked on this occupation, it reduces their motivation to succeed and increases their inclination to 'opt-out'. We seek to apply these findings in a package of interventions designed and run in collaboration with the RCS and Scalpel. The interventions seek to target women's surgical career motivation using a three-ponged approach that consists of (a) a seminar series, (b) a platform of multimedia resources and (c) a programme of intervention evaluation. The WIS Seminar Series will target medical students and surgical trainees at top UK conferences to disseminate knowledge about the role of identity-fit dynamics in the motivation of women. The Seminar Series will also directly bolster women's perception of identity fit by increasing the visibility of female surgical role models who challenge perceptions that surgeons are, or need to be, only a particular kind of person. The interventions will be reinforced by ensuring the conference is a gender-sensitive environment where key organisations are given the opportunity to communicate their commitment to diversity. One key seminar will be presented at a medical educators conference and will focus on the dissemination of knowledge so that those who are best placed to monitor and manage the surgical career pipeline understand the issues and are empowered to institute their own interventions. To ensure that the dissemination and intervention components of the Seminar Series can be directed towards a national audience on an ongoing basis, the series will be complemented by a platform of multimedia resources including a WIS Vodcast, WIS Seminar Series Website and a WIS Support Network. Finally, an evaluation programme will accompany the interventions to document their effectiveness at increasing the motivation of seminar attendees (versus non-attendees), both immediately and in the months following the intervention. Where possible indicative behavioural information will be gathered. This will inform future seminars, ensure that the RCS and Scalpel implement best practise to increase the presence of women in surgery and to inform future research.