Ways of Knowing after Atrocity: A knowledge exchange on the methods used to formulate, implement and assess transitional justice processes

OTJR/瑞士空间知识交流审查了用于制定、实施和评估过渡时期司法的方法。过渡时期司法为在冲突或镇压统治期间发生的严重侵犯人权行为提供了一套广泛的法律和非法律对策。人权审判、真相委员会、纪念项目和恢复性司法程序在全球范围内越来越频繁地实施。然而，随着倡导和实施不同的过渡时期司法方法，在律师、民间社会行为者、决策者、学者和当地民众了解暴行和对暴行作出反应的方式上，也出现了冲突。因此，有必要就认识暴行的方式和我们对暴行的反应进行知识交流。用于审查严重侵犯人权行为的不同方法以及这些侵犯行为发生的背景对刑事定罪和真相委员会报告的证据基础提出了挑战。虽然跨国研究现在已经确定了过渡时期司法实践的一般趋势，但这些研究不一定产生对具体国家情况有用的知识。与此同时，详细的案例研究在仔细强调过渡的特殊性时，可能会限制各国知识的学习和适应。至关重要的是，通过法律从业人员、过渡时期司法学者、人权倡导团体、受暴力影响的社区和决策者之间的专业知识分享，弥合这些分歧。OTJR/ swisspace知识交流旨在弥合过渡时期司法实践和研究中的方法论分歧。该项目将审查目前用于确定是否发生严重侵犯人权和更广泛社会危害的方法、用于应对这些危害的方法以及用于评估这些过渡时期司法干预措施的影响的手段。该项目包括四项知识交流活动；1)建立过渡司法学者与研究用户之间的在线论坛；实施过渡司法进程的法律从业人员、民间社会团体和政策制定者；2)一系列研讨会，允许这些利益相关者之间进行持续的调查和交流，从而制定方法培训手册；3)与国内学者和研究用户在卢旺达和科索沃举办两次面向实践的讲习班，利用培训手册深化受影响国家的过渡司法实践和研究；4)最终评估会议，评估在线论坛、系列研讨会和以实践为导向的讲习班的传播和影响。

The OTJR/swisspeace Knowledge Exchange examines the methods used to formulate, implement and assess transitional justice. Transitional justice provides a broad set of legal and non-legal responses to serious human rights violations committed during periods of conflict or repressive rule. Human rights trials, truth commissions, memorialisation projects and restorative justice processes are implemented with increasing frequency across the globe. However, as different approaches to transitional justice have been advocated and implemented, there have been clashes over the means through which lawyers, civil society actors, policy-makers, scholars and local populations know atrocity and respond to it. There is therefore a need for a knowledge exchange on the ways of knowing atrocity and our responses to it.The divergent methods used to examine serious human rights violations and the contexts in which these violations occurred have challenged the evidentiary bases of criminal convictions and truth commission reports. While cross-national studies have now identified general trends in the practice of transitional justice, these studies may not necessarily produce the kinds of knowledge useful for specific country contexts. At the same time detailed case studies, in carefully emphasising the particularities of a transition, may constrain the learning and adapting of knowledge across countries. It is crucial to bridge these divides through expertise-sharing among legal practitioners, transitional justice scholars, human rights advocacy groups, violence-affected communities and policy-makers. The OTJR/swisspeace Knowledge Exchange aims to bridge the methodological divides within the practice and research of transitional justice. The project will examine the current methods used to determine the occurrence of serious human rights violations and wider societal harms, the methods used to respond to these harms and the means used to assess the impact of these transitional justice interventions. The project will consist of four knowledge exchange activities; 1) an online forum connecting transitional justice scholars with the research users; the legal practitioners, civil society groups and policy-makers implementing transitional justice processes; 2) a seminar series that will allow for a sustained inquiry and exchange between these stakeholders, resulting in the development of a methods-training manual; 3) two practice-oriented workshops run in Rwanda and Kosovo with in-country scholars and research-users, using the training manual to deepen the practice and research of transitional justice in affected countries; 4) a final evaluation meeting which will assess the dissemination and impact of the online forum, the seminar series and the practice-oriented workshops.