DDRIG in DRMS: Knowing Less Than We Can Tell: Assessing Metacognitive Knowledge in Subjective, Multi-Attribute Choice

DRMS 中的 DDRIG：我们所知甚少：评估主观、多属性选择中的元认知知识

• 批准号: 2333553
• 负责人: Daniel Oppenheimer
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2333553&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DDRIG; DRMS; Knowing; Less; Than

Every day we make decisions that can impact our happiness well into the future. But do we really know how we make these decisions? This project proposes a new method for exploring decision makers’ knowledge of how they make decisions – which psychologists refer to as metacognitive knowledge. This method is specifically designed to assess decision makers’ metacognitive knowledge when they are making subjective decisions in which they must make tradeoffs between different factors. The method is used to explore a range of questions about how people think about the decisions that they make. Developing and testing this method is important because it allows us to better understand how people make not only personal decisions, such as buying a car or house, but also policy-relevant decisions, such as which candidate to vote for or which policy to endorse. This knowledge can be useful in designing interventions and decision environments that help people make better decisions.The project presents a novel paradigm for assessing metacognitive knowledge in subjective, multi-attribute choice decisions. In this paradigm, participants are asked to complete a Choice-Based Conjoint (CBC) task, then self-report the influence (i.e., weight) they believe each attribute had on their decision-making process. These self-reported weights are compared to revealed weights estimated via Hierarchical Bayes Estimation from the CBC task, with higher correspondence indicating greater metacognitive knowledge. The proposed studies seek to validate the paradigm, implement the paradigm to isolate various metacognitive mechanisms (e.g., metacognitive control, metacognitive monitoring), and use the paradigm to explore the role that metacognitive knowledge may play in classic decision phenomena (e.g., framing effects). The primary contribution of this project is to expand the meta-reasoning (i.e., metacognition in reasoning) literature – which has primarily focused on objective decisions – into subjective decisions, which are highly important and often have significant impacts on individuals’ well-being.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

每天我们所做的决定都会影响我们未来的幸福。但我们真的知道我们是如何做出这些决定的吗？这个项目提出了一种新的方法来探索决策者如何做出决定的知识——心理学家称之为元认知知识。这种方法是专门设计来评估决策者的元认知知识，当他们做出主观决策时，他们必须在不同的因素之间进行权衡。该方法用于探索一系列关于人们如何思考他们所做的决定的问题。开发和测试这种方法很重要，因为它使我们能够更好地了解人们如何做出个人决定（如买车或买房），以及与政策相关的决定（如投票给哪位候选人或支持哪项政策）。这些知识在设计干预措施和决策环境方面非常有用，有助于人们做出更好的决策。该项目提出了一个新的范式评估元认知知识在主观的，多属性的选择决策。在这个范例中，参与者被要求完成一个基于选择的联合（CBC）任务，然后自我报告他们认为每个属性对他们决策过程的影响（即权重）。这些自我报告的权重与通过CBC任务的层次贝叶斯估计估计的显示权重进行比较，更高的对应关系表明更高的元认知知识。本研究旨在验证这一范式，利用这一范式来隔离各种元认知机制（如元认知控制、元认知监测），并利用这一范式来探索元认知知识在经典决策现象（如框架效应）中可能发挥的作用。该项目的主要贡献是将元推理（即推理中的元认知）文献-主要关注客观决策-扩展到非常重要且通常对个人福祉有重大影响的主观决策。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。