'Bilateral ESRC/FAPESP' Perpetration of intimate partner violence by males in substance abuse treatment: a cross-cultural research learning alliance

亲密伴侣暴力（身体、性或心理虐待）发生在所有国家、文化和所有族裔群体中;然而，在预防和治疗方面需要考虑到特定文化的特点，包括：文化定义和对适当性别角色的期望，对男性固有优越性的信仰以及在解决冲突中接受暴力。尽管如此，我们对文化信仰在IPV犯罪中所起作用的理解是有限的。接受药物滥用治疗的男性比非药物滥用者更有可能对其女性伴侣施暴。研究表明，接受药物滥用治疗的男性中有34-68%有IPV病史。尽管如此，许多犯罪者干预措施并不涉及药物使用问题，因此，与药物滥用治疗方案相比，所涉及的人数要少得多。因此，有人认为，IPV的治疗应纳入药物滥用治疗。目前，大多数药物滥用服务机构缺乏有效应对IPV的能力。很少有研究审查药物滥用者中的IPV犯罪。没有人研究过跨文化问题。AimsThis项目将检查和比较的患病率和文化建设的IPV犯下的男性在物质滥用治疗伦敦和圣保罗。此外，目前的政策，治疗方案和护理途径的男性药物滥用者在这两个国家将进行审查，和关键的利益相关者进行了采访，以确定与这一客户群的工作的障碍和促进因素。这项研究将为制定一个基于证据和理论的跨文化能力框架提供信息，以便在药物滥用治疗中有效地与男性犯罪者合作。在项目启动时，将成立一个由来自英国、巴西、西班牙和美国的专家学者、从业人员和决策者组成的国际学习联盟指导小组;以加强和支持信息、研究、最佳做法和政策的交流和传播，并确定酒精和药物服务如何最好地应对IPV犯罪。此外，将在伦敦和圣保罗建立由服务用户和提供者、决策者和学术界组成的地方学习联盟网络，以便在从该项目转移到实践中的知识的基础上，制定解决这一复杂问题的跨部门解决方案，从而改进对实施IPV的药物滥用者的干预措施。由参加国际学习联盟指导小组的成员以及伦敦和圣保罗的地方学习联盟网络合作和跨学科地制定。该框架将考虑如何以最佳方式查明、评估和应对药物滥用治疗中的亲密伴侣暴力行为，并将明确规定药物滥用治疗工作人员在与犯罪人合作方面的预期最低实践标准。将预防性暴力犯罪干预措施纳入药物滥用治疗的主流，将确保犯罪人干预措施比单独的刑事司法或家庭暴力方案更能惠及更多的犯罪人，并可能减少药物使用和暴力，改善整个家庭的运作。此外，药物滥用和家庭暴力部门之间的这些地方伙伴关系将促进协作和跨机构工作;并提高对两个部门需要综合政策的认识。每年，英国的IPV成本估计为367亿英镑。这项工作的潜在好处包括减少男性药物滥用者的IPV犯罪，从而减轻由此产生的经济负担。

ContextIntimate partner violence (IPV) (physical, sexual or psychological abuse) occurs in all countries, cultures and among all ethnic groups; however, there are culture-specific characteristics that need to be considered in prevention and treatment including: cultural definitions and expectations of appropriate sex roles, belief in the inherent superiority of males and acceptability of violence in conflict resolution. Despite this, our understanding of the role that cultural beliefs play in IPV perpetration is limited. Males in substance abuse treatment are more likely to be violent towards their female partners than non-substance abusers. Research suggests that 34-68% of men in substance abuse treatment have a history of IPV. Despite this, many perpetrator interventions do not address substance use, and therefore, reach far fewer individuals than substance abuse treatment programmes could. As a result, it has been argued that treatment for IPV should be integrated into substance abuse treatment. Currently, most substance abuse services lack the competencies to respond effectively to IPV. Few studies have examined IPV perpetration among substance abusers. None have examined cross-cultural issues. AimsThis project will examine and compare the prevalence and cultural construction of IPV perpetration by males in substance abuse treatment in London and São Paulo. In addition, current policies, treatment protocols and care pathways for male substance abusing perpetrators in both countries will be reviewed, and key stakeholders interviewed to identify the barriers and facilitators to working with this client group. The research will inform the development of an evidence and theory based cross-cultural capacity framework for working effectively with male perpetrators in substance abuse treatment. An International Learning Alliance Steering Group of expert academics, practitioners and policy makers from England, Brazil, Spain and the US will be established at the initiation of the project; to strengthen and support the exchange and dissemination of information, research, best practice and policy, and to determine how alcohol and drug services can best respond to IPV perpetration. In addition, local Learning Alliance networks of service users and providers, policy makers and academics will be established in both London and São Paulo to develop cross-sector solutions to this complex problem, building on the knowledge transferred from this project into practice, thereby improving interventions for substance abusers who perpetrate IPV.Potential applications & benefits The major potential benefit of this project is the capacity framework, developed collaboratively and inter-disciplinarily by members participating in the International Learning Alliance Steering Group and the local Learning Alliance networks in London and São Paulo. The framework will consider how best to identify, assess and respond to intimate partner violence in substance abuse treatment and will clearly lay out the expected minimum standards for practice in working with perpetrators for the three levels of the substance abuse treatment workforce. The mainstreaming of IPV perpetration interventions to substance abuse treatment will ensure that perpetrator interventions reach a wider number of perpetrators than the Criminal Justice or Domestic Violence programmes alone and may decrease substance use and violence and improve the family functioning as a whole. In addition, these local partnerships between the substance abuse and domestic violence sectors will foster collaborative and cross-agency working; and raise awareness of the need for integrated policy for both sectors. Annually, IPV costs in the UK are estimated at £36.7 billion. Potential benefits of this work include the reduction of IPV perpetration by male substance abusers that should lead to a reduction in the resulting financial burden.