Advances in Research on Globally Accessible Medicine (AROGYAM)

该项目的智力目标是启动考虑公共卫生中的社会科学问题的新方法，借鉴印度和欧洲的前沿研究，并提供见解，不仅了解和改善印度和居住在欧洲的印度裔人口的公共卫生的方法，而且更普遍。该项目将刺激跨学科的讨论，写作和研究公共卫生的社会科学方面的建议，涉及来自医学社会学，医学人类学，公共卫生科学（包括社会流行病学），卫生政策，政治经济学和卫生经济学，医学史和其他医学人文，社会工作和法律的专家。有四个机构与该项目有关：来自爱丁堡大学人文和社会科学学院、医学和兽医学院、海德堡大学（德国）、贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁大学社会医学和社区卫生中心的多学科小组（新德里，印度）和Achutha Menon健康科学研究中心，Sree Chitra Tirunal医学科学和技术研究所（特里凡得琅，印度）。我们将讨论四个主题：1。非传染性疾病，特别是糖尿病、肥胖症、精神健康和烟草使用，以及人口跨越国界的影响。主题将探讨：（a）肥胖和烟草使用的作用如何被理解、解释和社会接受/拒绝;（B）社区内的性别和经济结构如何影响这些因素（c）根据对欧洲亚洲社区的研究制定的肥胖管理和减少以及戒烟做法的适应潜力（d）在更广泛的社会和信仰框架内对风险的共同和不同看法（（e）印度对非传染性疾病采取具有成本效益的初级和二级预防办法。传染病和公共卫生面临的挑战，特别是艾滋病毒/艾滋病、疟疾和结核病。我们将审查（a）预防母婴传播艾滋病毒的驱动因素和障碍（B）评估传染病控制和预防政策和方案的概念框架和方法（c）影响风险环境的结构性驱动因素;结核病、抗逆转录病毒疗法和艾滋病毒管理进程的坚持和差别化（d）关于性别和社会科学问题的辩论，特别是关于这些问题对疾病负担的影响的辩论（e）关于预防和治疗传染病方面的人权问题的辩论，以及关于高危人群获得负担得起的药品的辩论。生物医学技术和医疗保健提供方面的创新，特别是干细胞、生物银行、临床和公共卫生研究试验、社区卫生监测和制药。我们将映射：（a）技术创新的新科学轮廓（B）强调在公共卫生保健中对生物技术进行高投资的伦理和经济理由（c）对生物技术和公共卫生接口的政治和社会支持（d）对社区卫生的影响以及可行性、分配和获得问题。这一主题考虑了民族国家在知识，技术和人员日益全球化的背景下日益减少的作用。我们将研究：（a）民族国家的作用越来越小，知识、技术、（B）跨国制药公司和医疗“旅游业"促进人们前往全球各地寻求治疗（c）亚洲的”传统“药物不断加速向欧洲的高端专业人士和原籍地的当地精英推销（d）亚洲传统医疗体系的日益“欧洲化”。

The intellectual objectives of this project are to initiate new ways of considering social scientific issues in public health, drawing on leading edge research in both India and Europe, and offering insights not only into ways of understanding and improving public health in India and amongst populations of Indian origin living in Europe, but also more generally. The project will stimulate cross-disciplinary discussions, writing and research proposals on social science aspects of public health, involving specialists from Medical Sociology, Medical Anthropology, Public Health Sciences (including social epidemiology), Health Policy, Political Economy & Health Economics, Medical History and other medical humanities, Social Work and Law. Four institutions are associated with this project: multi-disciplinary groups from the College of Humanities and Social Science, and the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, from Heidelberg University (Germany), Centre for Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University (New Delhi, India) and the Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Trivandrum, India). We will address four main themes: 1. Non-communicable diseases, with special reference to diabetes, obesity, mental health and tobacco use, and the implications when populations cross national boundaries. The theme will explore: (a) how the roles of obesity and of tobacco use are understood, interpreted, and socially accepted/rejected; (b) how these are shaped by gender and economic structures within communities (c) the potential for adaptation of practices in obesity management and reduction together with tobacco cessation developed from studies of Asian communities in Europe (d) shared and diverse perceptions of risk within the wider social and faith frameworks (e) cost-effective approaches to primary and secondary prevention of non-communicable diseases in India.2. Communicable diseases, and challenges to public health with special reference to HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB. We will examine (a) drivers and barriers in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (b) conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches for assessing control and prevention policies and programmes for communicable diseases (c) structural drivers that influence risk environments; adherence and differential access to TB and to ART and HIV management processes (d) debates on gender and social science issues with particular reference to their impact on burden of disease (e) debates over human rights in prevention and treatment of communicable diseases and access to affordable medicines by those at the greatest risks.3. Innovations in biomedical technology and healthcare delivery with special reference to stem-cells, bio-banking, clinical and public health research trials, community health monitoring and pharmaceuticals. We will map: (a) the emerging scientific contours of technological innovation (b) ethical and economic justifications underscoring high investment biotechnology in public health care (c) political and social support for biotechnology and public health interface (d) impact on community health and questions of feasibility, distribution and access.4. This theme considers the dwindling role of nation-state in the context of increasing global movement of knowledge, technology, and personnel. We will examine: (a) the dwindling role of nation-state and increasing global movements of knowledge, technology, and people (b) transnational pharmaceutical companies and medical 'tourism' in facilitating movement of people to disparate global locales in search of therapies (c) ever accelerating marketing of 'traditional' medicines from Asia to upscale professionals in Europe and local elites in the lands of their origins (d) the increasing 'Europeanization' of traditional Asian medical systems.