Optimising refugee resettlement in the UK: a comparative analysis

难民重新安置就其对移徙者个人的影响而言，是所有自愿国际移徙中最激进的移徙之一。重新安置是一种与庇护制度截然不同的成为难民的方式，因为难民不必到达目的地国的领土。难民由潜在的收容国选择安置在他们的第一庇护国，通常是他们自己的邻国。安排他们的定居和持续的支持，由他们的新州政府或赞助组织支付。难民在抵达时享有与公民同等的社会权利。与寻求庇护者漫长而不确定的旅程不同，重新安置的难民的过渡是突然的，考虑到他们以前生活的环境，这种过渡是戏剧性的。在英国，难民的安置是根据他们的脆弱性来选择的，这使得适应更具挑战性。英国通过门户保护计划（Gateway Protection Programme）管理重新安置，该计划依赖于地方议会的实施，有时还与民间社会合作。该方案的目的是使难民在几个不同的生活领域（如就业、住房、教育、保健、语言和文化知识、福利和社会关系）融入社会。以前对难民融合的研究很少，并且在横断面研究中倾向于关注前四个“更容易测量”的领域。在这个项目中，我们还将在福祉、社会关系质量、自我效能感和感知社会接受度等不太明显但同样重要的领域研究难民融入。我们还将采取纵向方法，以便能够长期跟踪难民适应情况。这是一个多学科和多方法研究项目的提案，该项目将通过对英国三个不同地区（布莱顿、大曼彻斯特和诺里奇）重新安置的难民进行纵向比较研究，开发现有的难民融合方法。将解决两个研究问题：1。就重新安置的难民融入社会的结果而言，这三个地区如何比较？重新安置难民融入社会结果的关键决定因素是什么，尤其是主观幸福感、自我效能感和感知的社会接受度？这些问题的答案将为政府的难民安置政策和社会凝聚力和群体间关系理论提供信息。我们将采用焦点小组、定量调查研究和个人访谈相结合的方式，分为三个阶段：一旦设计出问卷草案，将在每个领域举行三个焦点小组，以讨论问题的设计和重点。对大约300名难民的纵向调查将分三个阶段进行，间隔9个月。这将允许在项目中跟踪参与者的生活经历和幸福感的变化，以及提供变量之间潜在因果关系的见解。在调查问卷的每个阶段之后，将与每个领域的关键举报人进行个别访谈，并有目的地选择样本。它们将有助于更详细地探讨调查中出现的新主题，并捕捉到难民经历的多样性和丰富性，对他们的福祉和全面融入的过程提供重要的线索。该项目还将包括为9名难民提供重要的能力建设内容，他们将参与研究的规划和执行。内政部、难民行动、难民理事会和相关地方政府都将组成一个指导小组，就研究的行为和方向提供建议。该项目将以一个重要的全国会议结束，以配合2014年门户计划十周年

Refugee resettlement is one of the most radical of all voluntary international migrations in terms of its impact on individual migrants. Resettlement is a very different way of becoming a refugee from the asylum system since refugees do not have to reach the territory of the destination state. Refugees are selected for resettlement by potential host states, in their country of first asylum, which is usually a neighbouring country to their own. Arrangements are made for their settlement and ongoing support, paid for either by the government of their new state, or by a sponsoring organisation. Refugees have social rights equivalent to citizens on arrival. Unlike the long, uncertain journeys undertaken by asylum seekers, the transition for resettled refugees is sudden and, given the contexts where they have been living previously, dramatic. In the UK, refugees are selected for resettlement specifically on the basis of their vulnerability, making adaptation even more challenging. The UK manages resettlement through the Gateway Protection Programme, which relies on local council implementation, sometimes in collaboration with civil society. The aim of this programme is to achieve the integration of refugees along several different life domains (e.g. employment, housing, education, health, language and cultural knowledge, well-being and social relationships). Previous research into the integration of refugees has been scant and has tended to focus on the first four 'easier to measure' domains in cross-sectional studies. In this project we will additionally study refugee integration in the less tangible but no less important areas of well-being, quality of social relationships, self-efficacy and perceived social acceptance. We will also adopt a longitudinal approach so that refugee adaptation can be tracked over time. This is a proposal for a multidisciplinary and multi-methods research project that will develop existing approaches to the integration of refugees through a longitudinal comparative study of resettled refugees in three different UK locations (Brighton, Greater Manchester and Norwich). Two research questions will be addressed: 1. How do these three areas compare in terms of integration outcomes for resettled refugees?2. What are the key determinants of integration outcomes among resettled refugees, especially subjective well-being, self-efficacy and perceived social acceptance?Answers to these questions will inform government refugee resettlement policy and theories of social cohesion and intergroup relations.We will use a combination of focus groups, quantitative survey research and individual interviews, sequenced into three stages: Three focus groups will be held in each area once a draft questionnaire has been designed, in order to discuss the design and focus of the questions. A longitudinal survey of around 300 refugees will be conducted in three stages, nine months apart. This will permit the tracking of changes in participants' life experiences and well-being over the project, as well as providing insights as to potential causal relationships among variables. Individual interviews with key informants in each area and with a purposively selected sample will be held after each stage of the questionnaire. They will allow more detailed exploration of emerging themes from the survey and capture the diversity and richness of refugee experience, shedding vital light on the processes underlying their well-being and overall integration.The project will also involve a significant capacity building element for 9 refugees who will be involved in the planning and implementation of the research. The Home Office, Refugee Action, The Refugee Council and the relevant local governments will all be represented on a steering group to advise on the conduct and direction of the research. The project will conclude with a substantial national conference to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the Gateway Scheme 2014