Doing Good by Doing Well: Capitalism, Humanitarianism and International Development

在过去十年中，私营部门能够刺激世界最贫穷地区急需的发展的概念日益突出。今天，企业-无论是跨国公司还是营利性社会企业-往往被视为发展的引擎：为世界穷人和金融底线带来双赢的结果。我们越来越多地发现，在“全球经济金字塔底部”（Cross 2013）的商品和服务市场的创造中，对遥远他人的关怀（Redfield 2012）实现了人道主义伦理。虽然私营部门的热心人士庆祝企业的潜力，以改善穷人的生活，提供更多的获得保健和能源，或创造就业机会，作为企业家（普拉哈拉德2004年;伦敦等2011年），这一系列研讨会回应了一个迫切需要的关键和经验参与的干预措施，模式，索赔和资本主义人道主义的影响。随着政策制定者、从业者和记者就私营部门在2015年后发展议程中的作用展开辩论，本系列将使他们与人类学、发展研究和商业/管理领域的顶尖学者聚集一堂，批判性地审视基于市场的发展方法。在3年的时间里，这一系列的国际会议，英国从业者圆桌会议，和研究生高级研讨会开始解决有关“金字塔底部”商业模式的运作和结果的关键问题。它们包括：1）企业与发展之间关系概念化的新方法如何在国家和国际层面动员人民、推动政策、吸引资金和塑造政治？2)谁提出定义和驱动这些方法的主张，以及什么价值观、假设和信念支撑着他们的活动？3)日常物品通过何种政治、经济和社会进程被重新归类为"社会"、"价值"或"道德商品"，具有带来发展利益的能力？4)政府、企业或国际组织如何衡量这些产品的影响，参与者的观点如何建议对发展成果采取不同的衡量办法？5)人道主义资本主义伦理如何反映英国和国际上更广泛的社会问题和经济紧张局势？6)它们是否产生了既符合道德又可持续的发展成果？本系列研讨会将创造一个空间来辩论证据，并产生新的思维，方法和方法，批判性地参与金字塔底部的模型和市场。计划的活动方案包括：-国际会议：每年一个申请机构将主办一次国际会议，邀请来自英国和其他地区的与会者参加。会议的时间表和主题如下：2014年）技术和资本主义人道主义，爱丁堡; 2015年）将发展分配给最底层的十亿人，牛津; 2016年）发展会计，苏塞克斯。英国执业者圆桌会议：每年一个申请机构将举办一个从业者圆桌会议，讨论市场导向的举措的可能性，好处和挑战，根据正在进行的案例：2014）衡量和评估企业对贫困的影响，苏塞克斯; 2015）低碳能源和健康技术的低收入市场，爱丁堡; 2016）最后一英里分销战略，牛津;-高级研讨会：每年一个申请机构将汇集来自英国各地的人类学，发展研究和商业/管理研究的研究生参加高级研讨会。机构间协调委员会2012年启动的网站和在线网络（www.example.com）将用于促进系列会议期间和之后的合作和传播。

Over the last decade, the notion that the private sector can stimulate much-needed development in the world's poorest regions has gained increased prominence. Today it is often business - whether transnational corporations or for-profit social enterprises - that is cast as the engine of development: delivering win-win outcomes for both the world's poor and the financial bottom line. Increasingly we find a humanitarian ethic of care for distant others (Redfield 2012) materialised in the creation of markets for goods and services at the 'bottom of the global economic pyramid' (Cross 2013). While private sector enthusiasts celebrate the potential of business to improve the lives of the poor by delivering increased access to health and energy, or by creating opportunities for employment as entrepreneurs (Prahalad 2004; London et al 2011), this seminar series responds to an urgent need for critical and empirical engagement with the interventions, models, claims and impacts of capitalist humanitarians. As policy makers, practitioners and journalists debate the role of the private sector in a post-2015 development agenda, this series will bring them together with leading academics in anthropology, development studies and business/management, to critically examine market based approaches to development. Over a 3 year period this series of international conferences, UK practitioner roundtables, and post-graduate advanced seminars sets out to address key questions about the workings and outcomes of 'bottom of the pyramid' business models. They include: 1) How are new ways of conceptualising relationships between business and development mobilising people, driving policies, attracting finance and shaping politics at national and international levels? 2) Who makes the claims that define and drive these approaches and what values, assumptions and beliefs underpin their activities? 3) Through what political, economic and social processes do everyday objects become reclassified as 'social', 'merit' or 'ethical goods' endowed with the power to bring development benefits? 4) How is the impact of these goods measured by governments, business or international organisations and how might participant perspectives suggest different measures for development outcomes? 5) How does an ethic of humanitarian capitalism reflect broader social concerns and economic tensions in the UK and internationally? 6) Do they result in development outcomes that are both ethical and sustainable?This seminar series will create a space to debate the evidence and generate new thinking, approaches, and methodologies that critically engage with bottom of the pyramid models and markets. The planned programme of events includes:- International conferences: Each year one applicant institution will host an international conference to bring together invited participants from the UK and beyond. The schedule and themes of the conferences are as follows: 2014) Technology and Capitalist Humanitarianism, Edinburgh; 2015) Distributing Development to the Bottom Billion, Oxford; 2016) Accounting for Development, Sussex.- UK Based Practitioner Roundtables: Each year one applicant institution will host a practitioner roundtable to discuss the possibilities, benefits and challenges of market-oriented initiatives, based on cases underway: 2014) Measuring and Evaluating the Impacts of Business on Poverty, Sussex; 2015) Low Income Markets for Low Carbon Energy and Health Technologies, Edinburgh; 2016) Last Mile Distribution Strategies, Oxford;- Advanced Seminars: Each year one applicant institution will bring together post graduate students in anthropology, development studies and business/management studies from across the UK for an advanced seminar. A website and online network (www.responsiblebop.com) launched in 2012 by the Co-Is will be used to foster collaboration and dissemination during and after the series.