Energy and Forced Displacement: A Qualitative Approach to Light, Heat and Power in Refugee Camps

能源和被迫流离失所：难民营中光、热和电力的定性方法

• 批准号: ES/P005047/1
• 负责人: Jamie Cross
• 金额: $ 30.87万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FP005047%2F1
• 关键词: Energy; Forced; Displacement; Qualitative; Approach

The application of humanitarian principles of protection and assistance in contexts of forced displacement have, historically, focused on the provision of shelter, food, water, and sanitation and health. Yet people forcibly displaced by conflict, humanitarian emergency, natural disasters and environmental change are also often left without access to modern energy services. Access to energy has often been a missing pillar in the humanitarian response to forced displacement. In 2015 the UNHCR, the Department for International Development, and the Norwegian Refugee Council, alongside Chatham House, the Royal Institute for International Affairs, and international non-governmental organisations Practical Action and the Global Village Energy Partnership sought to address this gap by launching the Moving Energy Initiative. The Moving Energy Initiative aims to make sustainable energy provision a key part of responses to forced displacement and humanitarian emergency, by designing and piloting new approaches and models for sustainable energy provision among displaced populations. As the Moving Energy Initiative lays the ground for future interventions it has identified the collection and analysis of qualitative data on energy use as an urgent research priority.This project - through a 15 month collaboration with the Moving Energy Initiative, its implementation partner Practical Action, and research teams in Kenya and Burkina Faso - aims to improve access to sustainable energy for displaced people by bringing traditions of qualitative research in the arts and social sciences to bear on the way that the humanitarian community understands and responds to their needs for light, heat and power. The research is driven by two questions: 1) What can approaches to qualitative research in social anthropology and design tell us about energy needs and demands in contexts of displacement? 2) What can qualitative data on the energy practices of displaced people tell us about the design of energy policies, products and services? Led by specialists in social anthropology and design at the University of Edinburgh, the project will assemble two teams of energy researchers, provide training in ethnographic, human-centred research methods; and collect 50 situated case studies of everyday energy practices in the Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya, and the Goudoubo camp, Burkina Faso.Key outputs include 1) a review of qualitative methods in anthropology and design for research on energy practices; 2) a report on the lived experience of Energy in Dadaab and 3) Goudoubo, to be published in conjecture with Practical Action and the Moving Energy Initiative; 4) a qualitative methods toolkit, with example techniques, strategies and references for use by energy researchers and humanitarian organisations involved in future studies of energy practice in contexts of forced displacement; 5) a commissioned non-academic essay on 'design for displacement'; 6) a 'design for displacement' protocol (code of best practice, procedures and conventions) for use in the procurement and design of products for sustainable lighting, cooking and off grid energy systems; and 7), 8), 9) three academic research articles that contribute new empirical data and analytical perspectives on energy and displacement to scholarly debates across the arts and social sciences.The project lays out a pathway to impact on humanitarian policy makers through its partnership with the Moving Energy Initiative and its international consortium; on humanitarian or 'pro-poor' designers in sub Saharan Africa through a programme of impact and knowledge exchange activities during Nairobi Design Week 2017; and on academic knowledge in refugee studies, migration studies, development studies, geography, and science/technology studies, fostering future research collaborations through a workshop and publications.

在被迫流离失所的情况下适用保护和援助的人道主义原则，历来侧重于提供住所、食物、水、卫生和保健。然而，因冲突、人道主义紧急情况、自然灾害和环境变化而被迫流离失所的人们也往往无法获得现代能源服务。获得能源往往是对被迫流离失所问题作出人道主义反应时缺少的一个支柱。2015年，联合国难民署、国际发展部、挪威难民理事会、查塔姆研究所、皇家国际事务研究所、国际非政府组织“实际行动”和“全球村能源伙伴关系”发起了“移动能源倡议”，试图解决这一差距。流动能源倡议旨在通过设计和试行向流离失所人口提供可持续能源的新办法和模式，使可持续能源供应成为应对被迫流离失所和人道主义紧急情况的一个关键部分。随着移动能源倡议为未来的干预奠定基础，它已确定收集和分析能源使用的定性数据作为一个紧迫的研究重点。该项目-通过与移动能源倡议，其实施伙伴实际行动15个月的合作，以及肯尼亚和布基纳法索的研究团队旨在改善流离失所者获得可持续能源的机会，将艺术和社会科学中的定性研究传统运用到人道主义界的工作中，了解并响应它们对光、热和电力的需求。本研究由两个问题驱动：1）社会人类学和设计中的定性研究方法可以告诉我们什么关于流离失所背景下的能源需求和需求？2)关于流离失所者的能源做法的定性数据可以告诉我们什么关于能源政策、产品和服务的设计？在爱丁堡大学社会人类学和设计专家的领导下，该项目将组建两个能源研究小组，提供人种学、以人为中心的研究方法方面的培训;并收集了50个关于肯尼亚达达布难民营和古杜博难民营日常能源做法的实地案例研究，布基纳法索：主要产出包括：（1）审查人类学的定性方法和能源做法研究的设计; 2）关于达达布能源生活经历的报告和3）Goudoubo，将与实际行动和移动能源倡议一起发表在猜想中; 4）定性方法工具包，包括示例技术，供能源研究人员和人道主义组织在今后研究被迫流离失所情况下的能源做法时使用的战略和参考资料; 5）关于“位移设计”的委托非学术论文; 6）“位移设计”协议（最佳做法、程序和惯例守则），用于采购和设计可持续照明、烹饪和离网能源系统产品;和7），8），九、三篇学术研究文章，为艺术和社会科学领域的学术辩论提供了关于能源和位移的新的经验数据和分析视角。该项目通过与移动能源倡议及其国际联盟的合作关系，为人道主义政策制定者提供了一条影响途径;通过2017年内罗毕设计周期间的影响和知识交流活动计划，为撒哈拉以南非洲的人道主义或“扶贫”设计师提供了一条影响途径;以及难民研究、移徙研究、发展研究、地理和科学/技术研究方面的学术知识，通过研讨会和出版物促进未来的研究合作。

项目成果

Capturing Crisis

捕捉危机

• DOI: 10.3167/cja.2020.380208
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology
• 作者: Cross J

Energy and Displacement in Eight Objects: Insights from Sub-Saharan Africa

八个物体的能量和位移：来自撒哈拉以南非洲的见解

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Cross, J

Solar Basics

太阳能基础知识

• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Limn
• 作者: Cross, Jamie