Maximising the developmental impact of philanthropy: from theory to practice.

私人慈善事业和慈善事业日益被视为发展进程的一个主要组成部分，特别是在国际援助流量减少和中低收入国家数目增加的情况下。虽然有大量的工作涉及主要慈善信托基金在发展中的作用，但很少注意到当地的慈善形式。这项建议所依据的研究调查了斯里兰卡科隆博的“慈善景观”，以确定慈善机构和当地慈善机构在发展进程中可发挥的潜在作用。本项目将通过培训、传播适当的工具包和一个旨在动员慈善基金和组织在特定城市情况下的试点项目，将这些见解付诸实施或转化为实际行动。从我们早先在科隆博的研究中可以清楚地看到，大多数慈善活动发生在特定的社会群体中，往往会加强现有的社会差异，如性别、年龄和宗教身份。此外，它相对来说是无计划的，受个人特点的影响，倾向于一种相当简单的社会保障形式，对消除贫困的根本原因没有什么帮助。在今年早些时候举行的介绍会和讲习班以及与科隆博市长的会晤中，人们清楚地看到，慈善部门内部有相当大的需求，要求帮助斯里兰卡慈善组织、公众和公司部门确定更可持续和更有效的慈善和慈善活动方法。该项目将利用我们早期研究的结果来满足这一需求，并在利用慈善捐款的斯里兰卡慈善机构中产生更专业和更有效的方法。一系列活动将包括为有关人员举办讲习班，以获得在发展干预中利用慈善基金的最佳做法的经验。这一部分不仅将直接涉及慈善和慈善事业，而且还涉及如何利用这些资源以更有活力和可持续的方式消除贫穷的更广泛问题。它将联合收割机从以前的研究项目中吸取的经验教训与发展机构在规划和执行发展项目中使用的方法结合起来，第二部分将包括在科隆博一个相对贫穷的地区开展一个试验项目。这将汇集一系列慈善组织与当地居民合作。这一部分的目的是发展机构间合作的经验，建设这些组织设计和执行解决贫困的根本原因而不是症状的倡议的能力，并开发“工具包”供其他情况下使用，虽然这一项目侧重于科隆博，但其意义要广泛得多。在许多方面，它涉及一个学习过程，在科隆博的情况下所吸取的经验教训将适用于亚洲其他地方和世界其他地区。

Private philanthropy and charity is increasingly seen as a major component in the development process, especially in the context of the decline in international aid flows and the increasing numbers of lower middle income countries. Whilst there has been a considerable amount of work concerned with the role of major philanthropic trusts in development little attention has been paid to indigenous forms of charity. The research on which this proposal is based investigated the 'philanthroscape' of Colombo, Sri Lanka, in order to identify the potential role which charity and locally based philanthropic institutions could play in the development process. The present project will operationalise or translate these insights into practical actions through training, dissemination of suitable toolkits and a pilot project which seeks to mobilise charitable funds and organisations in a specific urban situation.From our earlier research in Colombo it is clear that most philanthropic activity takes place within specific social groupings and tends to reinforce existing social differences such as gender, age and religious identity. Furthermore, it is relatively unplanned and subject to individual idiosyncrasies, and tends towards a rather simplistic form of Social Protection which does little to challenge the underlying causes of poverty. In presentations and workshops held earlier this year and meetings with the Mayor of Colombo it became clear that there is considerable demand within the charitable sector for assistance in defining more sustainable and effective approaches to charitable and philanthropic activities amongst Sri Lankan charitable organisations, the general public and the corporate sector. This project will utilise the findings from our earlier research to meet this demand and generate a more professional and effective approach amongst Sri Lankan philanthropic institutions which utilise charitable donations. One strand of activities will involve workshops for relevant personnel to gain experience of best practice in the utilisation of charitable funds in development interventions. This strand will not only deal directly with charity and philanthropy but also with broader issues of how such resources can be harnessed to produce a more dynamic and sustainable approach to poverty elimination. It will combine the lessons learnt from the previous research project with the methods used by development agencies in planning and implementing development projects.The second strand will consist of a pilot project in one relatively poor area of Colombo. This will bring together a range of charitable organisations to work with the local population. The aim of this strand is to develop experience of inter-agency cooperation, build capacity of these organisations to design and implement initiatives which address the underlying causes of poverty rather than symptoms, and develop 'toolkits' for use in other contexts.Although focused on Colombo, this project has a much wider significance. In many ways it involves a learning process and the lessons learnt in the Colombo context will be relevant elsewhere in Asia and other parts of the world.This proposal relates to the ESRC/DFID joint scheme funded grant ref: ES/I033890/1.