Assessing Models of Public-Private Partnerships for Irrigation Development in Africa (AMPPPIDA)

尽管灌溉有可能提高生产力并提供应对气候冲击的能力，但灌溉成本高和许多非洲国家政府面临的财政限制制约了灌溉的发展。公私伙伴关系提供了一种潜在的体制安排，可从私营部门调动额外资源，包括财政、技术和管理资源，用于灌溉方面的关键投资（Chimhowu 2013; G-20多伦多宣言; Fan 2010）。但是，灌溉方面的公私伙伴关系案例很少，其他部门以往的公私伙伴关系经验突出表明，在利益攸关方之间管理和分配成本和收益方面存在困难，妇女和土地使用权无保障的人往往是输家。许多非洲国家的部长和灌溉官员现在提出，在他们探讨如何克服必要灌溉投资的资金缺口，以实现国内和国际农业和粮食安全相关增长目标时，需要关于如何参与灌溉发展公私伙伴关系进程的证据和指导。本研究响应非洲灌溉当局的请求，帮助确定合适的PPP战略，该战略是在2013年2月4日至6日在埃塞俄比亚举行的关于灌溉发展的SSA范围内的利益相关者研讨会上提出的。这些灌溉项目的最终用户。为实现这一目标，将开展研究，了解影响公私伙伴关系进程结果的因素，并开展外联活动，提高决策者对如何参与公私伙伴关系进程的认识并建设其能力。我们将评估整个撒哈拉以南非洲地区不同类型的灌溉安排，并在坦桑尼亚和加纳实施深入的案例研究工作，基于关键的知情人访谈和焦点小组，其中强调，除其他因素外，男性和女性参与并受益于不同灌溉安排的不同方式，包括PPP。此外，与国家利益攸关方举办的讲习班将采用参与性网络制图技术，以确定对参与有效和公平的公私伙伴关系安排至关重要的关系和网络。当地大学和来自灌溉部的政府利益有关者将是这一进程的关键伙伴，沿着的还有一个在灌溉发展体制安排方面具有丰富专门知识的国际政策研究组织。这项研究将有助于坦桑尼亚和加纳成功执行鼓励私营部门投资灌溉部门的政策。然而，我们的经验教训将更广泛地适用于面临类似挑战和困难的其他撒哈拉以南非洲国家，并将有助于鼓励私营部门投资，为投资者，灌溉用户和国家政府带来好处，以实现粮食安全和营养目标。这项研究的框架、方法和结果将汇集成一个工具包，并通过国际粮食政策研究所的网络广泛分享，接触到民间社会、政府、捐助者、私营部门和行动者等广泛而多样的受众。最终，我们预计，该项目将提高人们对PPP促进灌溉发展的潜力和局限性的认识，并将帮助撒哈拉以南非洲各国政府起草PPP安排，帮助平衡投资者、国家和社区的竞争需求，同时提供社会、经济、成功的一个指标是，在三年内，有两个国家的灌溉发展主管部门应用该工具包，以确保满足粮食安全需求的更具可持续性的公私伙伴关系。

Although irrigation offers the potential to increase productivity and provide resilience to climate shocks, the high cost of irrigation and the fiscal constraints faced by many African governments constrain the development of irrigation. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) offer a potential institutional arrangement to mobilize additional resources-including financial, technical, and managerial-from the private sector for critical investments in irrigation (Chimhowu 2013; G-20 Toronto Declaration; Fan 2010). But there are few cases of PPP for irrigation, and previous experiences in other sectors with PPPs highlight the difficulty in managing and distributing the costs and benefits among stakeholders, with women and those with insecure tenure often losing out. Many African ministers and irrigation officials are now raising the need for evidence and guidance on how to engage in the PPP process for irrigation development as they explore ways to overcome the financing gap for necessary irrigation investments in order to meet domestic and international agriculture and food security related growth targets. This research responds to requests from African irrigation authorities for help in identifying suitable PPP strategies that voiced during a SSA-wide stakeholder workshop on irrigation development in Ethiopia, February 4-6, 2013.This research aims to provide guidance to these SSA countries and irrigation officials on developing and implementing PPPs that are beneficial to the countries, private investors, and, ultimately, the end-users of these irrigation projects. This objective will be addressed through research to understand the factors that influence the outcomes of PPP processes and outreach to raise awareness and build capacity for policy makers on how to engage in PPP processes. We will assess different types of irrigation arrangements across SSA and implement in-depth case study work in Tanzania and Ghana, based on key informant interviews and focus groups, that highlight, among other factors, the different ways that men and women participate in and benefit from different irrigation arrangements, including PPPs. In addition, workshops with country stakeholders will employ participatory Netmapping techniques to identify relationships and networks critical for engaging in effective and equitable PPP arrangements. Both local universities and government stakeholders from irrigation ministries will be key partners in the process, along with an international policy research organization with considerable expertise on institutional arrangements for irrigation development. The research will contribute to the successful implementation of Tanzania's and Ghana's policies of encouraging private sector investment in the irrigation sector. However, our lessons will be more broadly applicable to other SSA countries facing similar challenges and difficulties and will be useful in encouraging private sector investment that can bring benefits for investors, irrigation users, and national governments in terms of meeting food security and nutrition goals. The framework, methods, and results of this research will be assembled in a toolkit and shared broadly through IFPRI's networks, reaching a wide and diverse audience of civil society, governments, donors, private sector, and actors. Ultimately, we anticipate that this project will raise awareness about the potential and the limitations for PPP to contribute to irrigation development and will help SSA governments in drafting PPP arrangements that help balance the competing needs of investors, nations, and communities while providing socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable results.An indicator of success will be that within three years governments (irrigation development authorities) in two countries apply the toolkit to ensure more sustainable PPPs that meet food security needs.