The application of a cognitive and affective interviewing model in social work supervision

本项目从关注社会工作质量的思考和评估入手。在备受瞩目的儿童死亡案件之后的调查报告一再强调社会工作者在分析和评估技能以及行使专业判断方面的不足。认识到这些局限性，突出了探索什么可能有助于从业者“思考他们的思维”的必要性。从业者经常遇到复杂的、情绪化的、有时甚至是危险的情况，这些遭遇为做出决定提供了‘证据基础’；因此从业者从这些情况中获得的信息的性质和质量至关重要。一些作家提请注意思维的性质和质量与儿童保育实践的情感内容和背景之间的联系。监督提供了一个关键的论坛，可以在其中探索思维过程和实践，因此在提供一个安全的空间，让从业者可以识别他们经验的情感内容并反思其意义方面，监督具有至关重要的作用。鉴于监督-做法反馈循环对健全做法的核心作用，提供监督的工作人员有能力达到最高标准，这一点很重要。为了支持他们的工作，他们需要可获得和可靠的方法和资源材料，这些方法和资源材料可以随时在实践中使用。拟议的项目涉及与一个地方当局合作，在认知访谈的基础上开发和试验一种用于监督的新方法。CI是为提高目击者对事件描述的准确性和完整性而开发的一种方法。它最初是为供犯罪证人或受害者使用而设计的，它利用对记忆和回忆的心理理解，并使用一套特定的提问技术来改进从证人或受害者的记忆中检索信息。它被选为这里的起点，因为它提供了一种经过测试的方法来支持信息收集。项目团队将与伙伴组织中的社会工作从业者密切合作，调整CI框架以用于监督，开发一种方法-认知和情感监督方法(CASA)-建立在对实践的认知理解基础上，但这样做也提高了从业者对实践的情感层面和他们的思维的认识。首席研究员特尼博士(PI)和合作研究员鲁赫教授(Co-I)在评估中的批判性和分析性思维、情感在实践中的作用以及为实践开发资源材料方面拥有丰富的实践和研究经验。该伙伴组织是英格兰西南部的一个地方当局，将与首席调查员和合作调查员合作，为工作人员提供合作制定CASA方案的时间，并在适当的培训后，在8个月的商定数量的监督会议中使用该方案。在这一实施阶段，主计长和副主计长将每月为监督员提供小组协商会议，让他们反思CASA的使用情况及其在多大程度上协助表达“事件”和“情绪”信息，以及如何在监督中使用这些信息为个案管理提供信息。将审查通过项目过程收集的数据，以评估CASA框架在实践中的用处和影响。项目组将根据参与者在执行阶段期间和结束时的反馈意见，在必要时修订CASA材料。项目小组将协作编写一系列产出，包括项目结论执行摘要、范本指南和协议、讲习班模板和课程指南，供学术和实践受众使用并分发。

This project starts from a concern with the quality of social work thinking and assessment. Inquiry reports following high profile child death cases have repeatedly highlighted shortcomings in social workers' analytical and assessment skills and exercise of professional judgement. Recognition of these limitations highlights the need to explore what might help practitioners to 'think about their thinking'. Practitioners frequently encounter complex, emotionally charged and sometimes dangerous situations and these encounters provide the 'evidential base' on which decisions are made; so the nature and quality of information that practitioners draw from them is of vital importance. A number of writers have drawn attention to the connection between the nature and quality of thinking and the emotional content and context of childcare practice. Supervision provides a key forum in which thinking processes and practices can be explored, so has a critical role to play here in providing a safe space where practitioners can identify the emotional content of their experience and reflect on its meaning. Given the centrality of the supervision-practice feedback loop for sound practice it is important that staff providing supervision have the competence to do this to the highest standards. To support their work, they need accessible and reliable methods and resource materials that can be readily used in practice. The proposed project involves collaboration with one local authority to develop and trial a new approach, based on Cognitive Interviewing (CI), for use in supervision. CI is an approach that has been developed to promote the accuracy and completeness of eyewitness accounts of events. Initially devised for use with witnesses or victims of crime, it draws on psychological understandings of memory and recall, and uses a particular set of questioning techniques to improve retrieval of information from the memory of a witness or victim. It has been chosen as a starting point here as it offers a tested approach to support the collection of information. Working closely with social work practitioners in the partner organisation, the project team will adapt the CI framework for use in supervision, developing an approach - the Cognitive and Affective Supervisory Approach (CASA) - that homes in on cognitive understandings of practice but in so doing also heightens practitioners' awareness of the affective dimensions of practice and of their thinking. Dr Turney, the principal investigator (PI) and Professor Ruch, the co-investigator (Co-I), have extensive experience in both practice and research in relation to critical and analytical thinking in assessment and the role of emotion in practice, and of developing resource materials for practice. The partner organisation, a local authority in the South West of England, will work with the principal and co-investigator, providing staff time for the collaborative development of the CASA protocol and, after appropriate training, for its use in an agreed number of supervision sessions over an 8-month period. During this implementation phase, the PI and Co-I will provide monthly group consultation sessions for the supervisors, to allow them to reflect on the use of the CASA and the extent to which it assists the expression of both 'event' and 'emotion' information, and how this information has been used in supervision to inform case management.Data gathered through the course of the project will be reviewed to assess the usefulness and impact in/for practice of the CASA framework. Drawing on participants' feedback during and at the end of the implementation phase, the project team will revise the CASA materials as necessary. A range of outputs including an executive summary of project findings, model guidance and protocols, workshop template and curriculum guide will be developed collaboratively by the project team for use by academic and practice audiences and disseminated.