ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING

使用文本理解任务的一系列研究结果支持 与记忆和推理过程相关的模型由卡普兰和 更有学问。根据该模型，人们在推理任务上的表现 基于两种处理中的一种。情节加工是基于 在回忆以前发生的具体事件时。基于抽象的处理是 基于对人们从这些规则和概念中抽象出的规则和概念的回忆 事件。今年的结果直接证明了复杂的学习 基于经验和类比的培训鼓励基于抽象的培训 处理，而简单的学习经验和没有类比的鼓励 时断时续的加工。

Results of a series of studies using text comprehension tasks supported a model relating memory and reasoning processes developed by Caplan and Schooler. According to the model, people's performance on reasoning tasks is based on one of two kinds of processing. Episodic processing is based on recall of specific previous events. Abstraction-based processing is based on recall of rules and concepts people have abstracted from those events. This year's results provide direct proof that complex learning experience and analogy-based training encourage abstraction-based processing, whereas simple learning experience and no-analogy encourage episodic processing.