NEURAL DEVELOPMENT--INTERCELLULAR AND HUMORAL CONTROL

三个参与的研究小组在以下方面有共同的兴趣 了解神经元、神经系统的胚胎后发育 它们的功能，以及它们控制的肌肉。生长 在过去三年中，这些组织之间的合作不断增加 共同关注控制儿童发育可塑性的机制 神经和肌肉细胞导致了这一新计划的出现 项目。这些实验室代表的研究领域包括： 近距离接触中介的作用和机制 细胞间对神经发育的影响；受激素调节， 感觉和运动的胚胎后分化和再分化 神经元和中间神经元.超微结构和生理方面 神经系统发育中的突触形成；相关性和 细胞、生理和神经化学事件的协调 神经发生；神经胶质细胞在组织细胞发育中的作用 中枢神经系统中的神经纤维；发育、生理、 嗅觉、视觉、机械感觉和 马达系统。与会者提议建立多学科、高度 荷尔蒙和反式激素潜在机制的合作研究 神经细胞生存和发育的细胞调控 胚胎后生命中的肌肉。本项目中的五个组成部分项目 细胞和生理机制的计划项目探索：(1) 初级感觉神经元、神经胶质细胞和发育的影响- 激素和神经递质对儿童发育的调节作用 电压门控和配体门控的膜离子通道的树枝结构 嗅觉中间神经元原代培养；(2)类固醇激素 原代细胞中已鉴定运动神经元的发育调控 培养；(3)类固醇激素对细胞、神经化学和 大脑一级嗅觉中枢的系统特征。 所有提出的研究都是基于非脊椎动物模型的使用。 经济的、容易获得的、试验性的系统 很容易驯服。因为许多人对它们进行了广泛的研究 调查人员，包括这个项目的参与者， 在拟议的研究中使用的昆虫制剂特别好 了解并支持这些项目，昆虫准备工作将 在拟议的研究中使用的是特别好的理解和有利的 用于这些实验。利用这一背景，组件 项目重点放在神经元和神经胶质细胞上，这些细胞可以被识别为 个体或动物的特定功能类型。最基本的 在进化过程中，发育机制一直是保守的。我们预计， 因此，在这些项目中获得的关于神经和 昆虫的肌肉发育将解释其他动物的相关现象 包括人类在内的动物。

The three participating research groups share a common interest in understanding the postembryonic development of neurons, the neural systems in which they function, and the muscles they control. Growing collaboration among these groups over the past three years and increasing mutual focus on the mechanisms that control the developmental plasticity of nerve and muscle cells have led to the emergence of this new Program Project. Among the research areas represented by these laboratories are: the roles and mechanisms of short-distance and contact-mediated intercellular influences in neural development; hormonally regulated, postembryonic differentiation and respecification of sensory and motor neurons and interneurons; ultrastructural and physiological aspects of synapse formation in developing neural systems; correlation and coordination of cellular, physiological, and neurochemical events in neurogenesis; the role of glial cells in the development of organized neuropil in the central nervous system; and developmental, physiological, anatomical, and molecular studies of olfactory, visual, mechanosensory, and motor systems. The participants propose to mount multidisciplinary, highly collaborative investigations of mechanisms underlying hormonal and trans- cellular regulation of the survival and development of nerve cells and muscles during postembryonic life. The five component projects in this program project probe for cellular and physiological mechanisms of: (1) influences of primary-sensory neurons, glial cells, and development- regulating hormones and neurotransmitters ont he development of arborizations and voltage- and ligand-gated membrane ion channels in olfactory interneurons in primary cell culture; (2) steroid-hormonal regulation of development of identified motor neurons in primary cell culture; (3) influences of steroid hormones on cellular, neurochemical, and systemic characteristics of the first-order olfactory center in the brain. All of the proposed studies are based on the use of non-vertebrate model systems that are economical, readily available, and experimentally tractable. Because they have been extensively studied by many investigators, including the participants in this program project, the insect preparations to be used in the proposed studies are especially well understood and favorable for these project, the insect preparations to be used in the proposed studies are especially well understood and favorable for these experiments. Taking advantage of this background, the component projects focus on neurons and glial cells that are identifiable as individuals or as specific functional types from animal. The basic mechanisms of development have been conserved during evolution. We expect, therefore, that information obtained in these projects about neural and muscular development in insects will illuminate related phenomena in other animals including human beings.