DEPICT: DEsigning and Policy Implementation for encouraging Cycling and walking Trips

步行和骑自行车是城市中最可持续的交通方式，应该放在向低碳城市交通系统过渡的核心位置。这是因为步行和骑自行车可以改善每个城市居民的生活机会以及健康和福祉--无论他们的社会经济地位、性别、种族和年龄--几乎不会对其他居民的生活产生任何不利影响。关于如何鼓励在城市中步行和骑自行车的研究正在蓬勃发展，并提供了许多令人信服的见解。然而，对基础设施在刺激城市步行和骑自行车方面的作用的洞察是有限的，因为重点通常是自行车道、人行道、共享单车计划、道路设计、城市设计等“硬件”；治理、监管、信息提供、维护和维修以及嵌入的知识、诀窍、意义、价值、抱负和情感的“软件”并不总是得到应有的重视。此外，这项研究通常以全球北方的城市为背景，并假设从那里产生的见解和概念普遍有效，很容易转移到全球南方的城市。这一国际研究项目将在英国、荷兰和巴西S圣保罗州进行比较研究的基础上，对基础设施采取更广泛的理解，并形成原创性的经验和理论见解。牛津小组开展的活动侧重于伦敦社区主导的倡议在鼓励步行和骑自行车方面的作用，以及在创建有利于这些做法的基础设施方面的作用。牛津大学的研究人员将对这两个城市最近社区主导的倡议的异质性进行盘点，包括它们包括什么、参与的人、目标是什么以及谁受益等问题。牛津大学团队还将严格评估此类举措是否以及如何有助于向低碳城市机动性的大规模过渡。将采取由文件分析、访谈和重点小组组成的混合方法，小组将以各种方式与当地社区、政策制定者、利益集团和其他利益攸关方接触。可以预期，除了创造学术成果外，该项目还将有助于：通过分享经验和良好做法，在社区主导的举措中进行社会学习；更好地反映政策、治理和监管如何影响社区主导的举措；以及为这些举措建立更有效的支助结构。

Walking and cycling are the most sustainable modes of transport in cities and should be placed at the heart of a transition towards low-carbon urban mobility systems. This is because walking and cycling can improve the life chances and health and wellbeing of each city inhabitant -- irrespective of their socioeconomic status, gender, ethnicity, age -- with hardly any adverse impact on the lives of fellow inhabitants. Research on how walking and cycling in cities can be encouraged is burgeoning and provides many compelling insights. However, insights about the role of infrastructure in stimulating urban walking and cycling are limited because the focus is typically on the 'hardware' of cycle lanes, sidewalks, bike sharing schemes, road design, urban design and so forth; the 'software' of governance, regulation, information provision, maintenance and repair as well as the embedded knowledge, know-how, meanings, values, aspirations and emotions are not always given the emphasis they deserve. Moreover, the research is often set in cities in the global North and assumes insights and concepts that has emerged from there as universally valid and easily transferable to cities in the global South. This international research project will adopt a broader understanding of infrastructure and develop original empirical and theoretical insights on the basis of comparative research in the UK, the Netherlands and the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The activities undertaken by the Oxford team focus on the role of community-led initiatives in London to encourage walking and cycling and in creating infrastructures that are conducive to these practices. The Oxford researchers will make an inventory of the heterogeneity of recent community-led initiatives in both cities, covering such issues as what they consist of, who are involved, what the goals are, and who benefits. The Oxford team will also critically evaluate if and how such initiatives can contribute to a large-scale transition towards low-carbon urban mobility. A mixed-method approach consisting of document analysis, interviews and focus groups will be adopted, and the team will engage with local communities, policymakers, interest groups and other stakeholders in various ways. It can be expected that, apart from creating academic outputs, the project will contribute to: social learning among community-led initiatives through the sharing of experiences and good practices; to greater reflexivity about how policy, governance and regulation affect community-led initiatives; and to the creation of more effective support structures for such initiatives.