BRAZIL-UK Healthy Urban Mobility (HUM)

自三十多年前发起世界卫生组织(卫生组织)健康城市运动以来，人们更加努力地了解城市环境如何影响健康结果并能够产生更公平的健康惠益。一个关键的问题是城市的物质结构如何影响城市的流动性，以及这与健康和福祉之间的关系。支持步行和骑自行车的内置环境设计(“主动活动”)可以帮助促进适度的体力活动，作为日常旅行的一部分，延缓生物衰老和与年龄相关的疾病，并改善整体健康和福祉。然而，在全球南部，私人机动化的快速增长以及对步行和骑自行车缺乏重视意味着环境属性与主动机动性之间的联系更加复杂。这对城市贫困和低收入群体产生了重大影响，他们已经开始并依赖步行和骑自行车(以及公共交通)来满足日常出行需求。与此同时，全球北部的趋势是体力活动减少，这与私家车的广泛使用、肥胖环境以及家庭、工作场所和公共场所更高的机械化程度有关。因此，作为更广泛的健康城市概念的一部分，实施健康的城市流动在全球南方和全球北方都是严峻的挑战，需要采取不同的方法来实现这一目标。巴西-英国健康城市机动性(HUM)研究的重点是了解个人(IM)机动性对巴西和英国不同社区的个人和社区健康和福祉的影响，并开发一种参与式方法来支持和发展健康的城市机动性，并解决健康不平等和不公正问题。调查将使用混合方法，包括五个具体的实地研究部分：(A)空间测绘，以了解流动发生的物理和建筑环境背景；(B)社会调查，以收集选定社区的流动性以及健康和福祉概况；(C)深入传记访谈，以了解过去流动经验的作用和选定流动模式--“流动轨迹”--背后的理由；(D)通过移动访谈进行微观民族志研究，以捕捉当代(Im)流动的日常经验；(E)参与式方法，让当地社区参与确定健康的城市流动性和社区福祉的问题和解决方案。这项工作将集中在三个巴西城市和一个英国城市：巴西(联邦州)、弗洛里亚诺波利斯(圣卡塔琳娜州)、阿雷格里港(南里奥格兰德州)和牛津(英格兰南部)。之所以选择这些城市，是因为它们具有不同的空间和人口特征，以及它们在促进城市健康流动方面面临的挑战。实证研究的时间将安排在巴西和英国使用完全相同的方式和方法并行进行，以便英国-巴西多学科团队能够参与共同学习和知识交流，更具体地说，(A)评估总体方式和方法；(B)比较城市之间以及巴西和英国之间的数据集；以及(C)评估在不同背景下促进城市健康流动的潜在政策和交付模式。通过结合新的研究方法进行试验和评估，并让社区和利益攸关方积极参与积极的对话和相互学习，我们希望制定新的流动规划办法，力求解决城市地区的健康不平等问题。

Since the initiation of World Health Organization (WHO) Healthy Cities movement over thirty years ago there have been increased efforts to understand how the urban environment affects health outcomes and can produce more equitable health benefits. A key concern is the way in which the physical fabric of cities affects urban mobility and how this relates to health and wellbeing. Built environmental design supportive of walking and cycling ('active mobility') could help to promote moderate physical activity as part of daily travel routines delay biological ageing and age-related conditions and improve overall health and wellbeing. In the Global South, however, the rapid growth in private motorization and the lack of value placed on walking and cycling means the association between environmental attributes and active mobility are more complex. This is having a significant impact on the urban poor and low-income groups who already engage in, and rely on, walking and cycling (and public transport) to meet their daily travel needs. The trend in the Global North, meanwhile, particularly in countries like the UK, is towards a decrease in physical activity and this is associated with more widespread private car use, obesogenic environments and greater mechanisation in the home, workplace and public places. The implementation of healthy urban mobility as part of the broader Healthy Cities concept, therefore, presents serious challenges in both the Global South and Global North and requires different approaches towards its realisation. The focus of the BRAZIL-UK Healthy Urban Mobility (HUM) research is on understanding the impact of personal (im)mobility on both individual and community health and wellbeing of different neighbourhoods in Brazil and in the UK, and developing a participatory approach to support and develop healthy urban mobility and to address health inequalities and injustice. The investigation will use a mixed method approach comprising five specific field research components (a) spatial mapping to understand the physical and built environment context in which mobility takes place (b) a social survey to capture mobility and health and wellbeing profiles of selected communities (c) in-depth biographic interviews to understand role of past experiences of mobility and the rationale behind selected modes of mobility - 'mobile trajectories' (d) micro-ethnographies through mobile interviews to capture contemporary everyday experience of being (im)mobile and (e) a participatory approach to involve the local community in identifying problems and solutions for healthy urban mobility and community wellbeing. The work will focus in three Brazilian cities and one UK city: Brazilia (Federal State), Florianopolis (State of Santa Catarina), Porto Alegre (State of Rio Grande do Sul) and Oxford (Southern England). These are chosen because of their different spatial and demographic characteristics and the challenges they are facing in relation to promoting healthy urban mobility. Empirical research will be timed such that it will be conducted in parallel in both Brazil and the UK using exactly the same approach and methods so that the UK-BRAZIL multidisciplinary team can engage in co-learning and knowledge exchange and more specifically (a) evaluate the overall approach and methodologies; (b) compare datasets between cities and between Brazil and UK; and, (c) evaluate potential policies and delivery models to promote healthy urban mobility in different contexts. Through the combination of novel research methods to experiment and assess and actively involve communities and stakeholders in active dialogue and mutual learning we hope to develop new approaches to mobility planning that seek to address health inequalities within urban areas.