The Impact of Dengue Fever in Early Life on Human Capital Formation

我将调查登革热对人力资本形成的影响，考虑到在不同阶段的早期生活和儿童期的暴露，并将提供因果关系估计的额外的社会成本的疾病，到目前为止被忽视的literature.BackgroundDengue发烧是一种蚊子传播的病毒性疾病，导致流感样疾病主要发生在热带和亚热带国家。由于没有疫苗或治疗方法，医疗重点是补液和控制症状，包括高温，严重头痛和骨骼，肌肉和关节疼痛，绝大多数患者在10-14天后完全康复。在过去50年中，由于城市化和个人旅行的增加，登革热已大大扩大，今天影响到128个国家的估计3.9亿人。世界卫生组织将登革热称为全球传播速度最快的蚊媒疾病，具有“流行潜力”，使世界上约一半人口的健康处于危险之中。贡献尽管登革热的死亡率相对较低，但它仍伴随着相当大的社会经济成本，有大量文献提供了该疾病成本的估计。拟议的研究将有助于克服现有疾病成本估计中的这些缺陷，明确提供登革热可能对生命早期和儿童期暴露对一系列人力资本发展措施的影响的估计。这项研究还通过应用主要从劳动经济学借鉴的最先进的影响评价技术，克服困扰疾病费用文献的方法缺陷，为疾病负担文献作出贡献。拟议中的研究还将作出贡献，通过结合大量的微观数据对个别登革热感染与巴西，一个受登革热影响的主要国家的个人教育成果，并通过使这些数据提供给研究界。研究问题拟议中的研究将解决三个相关的研究问题。在第一个项目中，我将估计未出生的孩子在子宫内暴露于登革热对长期结果的影响，特别是广泛的儿童教育结果和健康结果。分析的第二部分将涉及调查登革热对人力资本的同期影响，重点是学龄儿童的感染以及对短期和长期教育成果的影响。第三个项目将通过将登革热感染个案与巴西教师群体联系起来，调查感染和随后教师缺勤对儿童学业成果的影响。此外，我将调查是否父母登革热感染的影响，他们的孩子的学业成果，通过链接登革热感染的数据与父母information. SocietalimpactAccurate和更全面的估计登革热的经济成本是至关重要的广泛的相关政策，在巴西和其他国家受登革热影响。拟议研究的结果将对更准确的成本效益分析非常重要，这是决定登革热病媒控制方案的重要证据基础。此外，六种登革热疫苗候选疫苗正处于不同的开发阶段;巴西和其他国家将需要考虑在不久的将来推出疫苗，然后在设计其免疫计划时针对最需要的亚群。

I will investigate the impact dengue fever has on human capital formation considering exposure at different stages of early life and childhood and will provide causal estimates on the additional the societal costs of the disease so far neglected in the literature.BackgroundDengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease causing a flu-like illness occurring mostly in tropical and sub-tropical countries. With no vaccine or treatment available, the medical focus is on rehydration and on managing the symptoms including high temperature, severe headaches and bone, muscle and joint pain with the vast majority of patients recovering fully after 10-14 days. Dengue fever has expanded considerably over the past 50 years fuelled by increased urbanization and individual travel and today affects an estimated 390 million people in 128 countries. The World Health Organizations has called dengue fever the fastest spreading mosquito-borne disease worldwide with 'epidemic potential' putting the health of about half of the world's population at risk.ContributionDespite the relatively low mortality from the disease, dengue fever is associated with considerable socio-economic costs and there is a large body of literature providing estimates of the costs of the disease. The proposed research will help to overcome these shortcomings in existing cost estimates of the disease by explicitly providing estimates on the effects dengue fever may have from exposure in early life and childhood on a range of measures of human capital development. The research also contributes to the literature on disease burden by applying cutting-edge impact evaluation techniques mostly borrowed from labour economics to overcome methodological shortcomings that plague the literature on the cost of diseases. The proposed research will also make a contribution by combining large sets of microdata on individual dengue infections with individual educational outcomes for Brazil, a major country affected by dengue and by making this data available to the research community.Research questionsThe proposed research will address three related research questions. In the first project I will estimate the effect of dengue exposure of an unborn child during time in-utero on long-term outcomes, in particular a wide range of educational outcomes and health outcomes of children. The second part of the analysis will involve investigating the contemporaneous effect of dengue on human capital by focusing on infections of school-aged children and the effect on short-term and longer-term schooling outcomes. The third project will investigate the effects on schooling outcomes of children of the infection and subsequent absenteeism of their teachers by linking individual dengue infections to the universe of Brazilian teachers. In addition I will investigate whether parental dengue infections impact the schooling outcomes of their children by linking the data of dengue infections with parental information.Societal impactAccurate and more comprehensive estimates of the economic cost of dengue fever are crucial for a wide range of related policies in Brazil and in the other countries affected by dengue. The results from the proposed research will be important for more accurate cost-benefit analyses, which are an important evidence-base for decisions on dengue vector control programmes. In addition, six candidates for a dengue vaccine are at various stages of development; and Brazil, among other countries, will need to consider the introduction of a vaccine in the near future and then to target the subpopulations most in need when designing its immunization programme.