Discourses of Voluntary Action at two 'Transformational Moments' of the Welfare State, the 1940s and 2010s

1942年出版的贝弗里奇报告，以及随后在英国建立的全面福利服务，被称为“革命性的时刻”。同样的术语也被用来描述英国福利服务被取消的现状。在这两个转型时期，人们提出了关于国家和志愿和社区部门在提供福利服务方面各自的作用和责任的基本问题。在第一个革命时刻（20世纪40年代），贝弗里奇报告提出了一系列措施来解决当时的“邪恶”。随后的福利结构调整导致许多志愿服务组织的结构和重点发生重大变化，并引发了一段关于志愿服务性质和范围的激烈辩论。在我们目前的“革命时刻”，由于重大的国家和国际事件，尽管资金严重削减，但作为福利服务提供者的社会福利署的作用得到了加强。对国家作用的根本性重新谈判正在进行中;我们正在进入一个关于志愿行动的性质和程度及其与国家和福利提供的关系的激烈辩论时期。总体目标是探索20世纪40年代和2010年代在英格兰发生的关于志愿行动在福利提供中的作用的辩论。它将比较和对比流行的，政治的和非主流的话语。为了实现这一目标，我们解决了三组问题：1.与2010年代相比，20世纪40年代在社会福利提供方面的角色，地位和贡献的叙述有什么相似之处和不同之处？而且，根据社会起源理论，什么样的因素组合，包括但不限于阶级力量的平衡，可以帮助解释20世纪40年代和21世纪10年代之间叙事的转变？2.志愿部门代表、政府官员和公众关于志愿和社区部门在社会福利提供中的作用、地位和贡献的叙述，首先是在20世纪40年代，其次是在21世纪10年代，内部和之间有什么异同？而且，借鉴战略行动场理论，不同的叙事在多大程度上以及如何反映场形成话语干预和不断变化的行动者配置？3.有什么证据表明不同的叙述是如何被构建、表达、争议和传播的？而且，借鉴话语制度主义，在不稳定和过渡时期，不同的叙述如何在争取“空间”和“常识”的斗争中相互关联，因为行动者寻求框架行动和构建变革的可能性？我们解决这些问题的方法是探索：1.公共叙事：分析20世纪40年代至21世纪10年代关于志愿行动和社会福利的群众观察指令，以及2017年委托的一项指令。2.陈述：分析关键的政府政策文件（例如绿色和白色文件，议会法案），演讲和议会辩论有关的作用，志愿部门在福利服务提供在英格兰产生在1940年代和2010年代（访问从国家档案馆，历史Hansard，Hansard和各种网站）。3.自愿部门说明：重点是4个非政府组织（NCVO，英国儿童，NCVYS，英国年龄）审查他们在1940年代和2010年代制作的关键声明，政策文件和出版物，存储在他们的档案和网站上。这项为期2年的研究与NCVO、NCVYS、英格兰儿童、英国年龄和群众观察共同制作;由项目指导小组指导;并涉及各种知识交流活动，将通过能力建设、加强现有证据基础和重新构建辩论，为制定可持续发展政策和实践做出贡献。

The publication of the Beveridge Report in 1942, and the subsequent establishment of comprehensive welfare services in the UK, was referred to as 'a revolutionary moment'. The same term has been used to describe the current context in which welfare services are being dismantled in England. At these two transformational moments, fundamental questions have been raised about the respective roles and responsibilities of the state and the voluntary and community sector (VCS) in welfare services provision. During the 1st revolutionary moment (1940s) the Beveridge report proposed a series of measures to address the 'evils' of the time. The subsequent restructuring of welfare provision led to significant changes in the structure and focus of many VCS organisations, and a period of intense debate about the nature and extent of the voluntary action. In our current 'revolutionary moment' as a result of major national and international events the role of the VCS as a welfare service provider has intensified despite severe cuts to funding. A fundamental renegotiation of the role of the state is underway; we are entering a period of intense debate about the nature and extent of voluntary action and its relationship to the state and welfare provision.The overarching aim is to explore the debates that have taken place on the role of voluntary action in the provision of welfare in the 1940s and 2010s in England. It will compare and contrast popular, political and VCS discourses. In order to meet this aim, we address 3 sets of questions: 1.What are the similarities and differences in narratives about the role, position and contribution of the VCS in the provision of social welfare in the 1940s compared with the 2010s? And, drawing on social origins theory, what combination of factors, including but not restricted to the balance of class forces, can help account for shifting narratives between the 1940s and 2010s? 2.What are the similarities and differences within and between the narratives of voluntary sector representatives, government officials, and the general public about the role, position and contribution of the voluntary and community sector in social welfare provision, firstly during the 1940s and secondly through the 2010s? And, drawing on the theory of strategic action fields, to what extent and how do different narratives reflect field shaping discursive interventions and a changing configuration of actors? 3.What evidence is there of how different narratives have been constructed, articulated, contested, and circulated? And, drawing on discursive institutionalism, how are different narratives related to each other in the struggle for 'room' and 'common sense' during periods of unsettlement and transition, as actors seek to frame action and construct the possibilities for change? Our approach to addressing these questions is to explore: 1.Public narratives: analysis of Mass Observation directives on voluntary action and social welfare from 1940s 2010s, plus one commissioned in 2017. 2.State narratives: analysis of key government policy documents (e.g. green and white papers, acts of parliament), speeches and parliamentary debates relating to the role of the voluntary sector in welfare service provision in England generated during the 1940s and 2010s (accessed from The National Archives, Historic Hansard, Hansard and various websites). 3. Voluntary sector narratives: focusing on 4 VCS organisations (NCVO, Children England, NCVYS, Age UK) review key statements, policy documents, and publications produced by them in the 1940s and 2010s, stored in their archives and websites. This 2 year study co-produced with NCVO, NCVYS, Children England, Age UK and Mass Observation; guided by a project Steering Group; and involving various knowledge exchange activities will contribute to the development of VCS policy and practice, through building capabilities, enhancing the existing evidence base and reframing debat