Conserving Cultural Heritage: The Resilience of Forcibly Displaced Syrian Artisans in Jordan

在叙利亚毁灭性的内战和不断升级的难民危机之前，文化遗产手工艺品至少占叙利亚国内生产总值的12%(约旦时报在线，2016)。然而，到2015年，大约80%的这些工匠已经离开他们的行业，逃到邻国寻求安全和保障(约旦时报在线，2016)，对叙利亚的文化遗产造成了严重威胁。然而，尽管叙利亚仍然是一个边缘工匠社区，但在约旦被迫流离失所的叙利亚工匠正在复兴他们的文化遗产手工艺，他们在约旦的非正规经济中经营，并采取经济和文化生存战略，建立自己的途径和网络，为自己和家人提供生计。绝大多数叙利亚难民生活在极端贫困中，收入低于约旦贫困线，相当于每人每月96美元(难民署，2016年)。他们生活在经济、社会和文化发展和融合前景渺茫的情况下。该项目通过探讨自2011年叙利亚战争爆发以来居住在约旦的被迫流离失所的叙利亚工匠的复原力、脆弱性和身份特征，解决因被迫流离失所的叙利亚人迅速涌入约旦而产生的发展挑战。这样做将有助于我们回答以下问题：从事文化遗产手工艺对约旦被迫流离失所的叙利亚社区的社会政治影响；通过‘约旦制造’叙利亚文化遗产产品对被迫流离失所的工匠保护叙利亚文化遗产的文化侵占的影响；流离失所和日益边缘化的男子气概对新父权流离失所的阿拉伯社区的复原力的影响。事实上，关注他们的韧性将有助于我们了解被迫流离失所的工匠如何克服社会、经济和政治上的脆弱性，从而了解他们如何应对经济和社会动荡。通过这样做，我们为迅速增长的复原力论述做出了贡献，该论述在很大程度上忽视了被迫流离失所的工匠和被迫流离失所的叙利亚人的复原力。将使用混合方法从多学科利益攸关方和居住在约旦的80名被迫流离失所的叙利亚工匠那里收集数据。此外，该项目还包括三个能力建设组成部分。第一个是通过培训博士后研究人员来提高约旦的社会研究能力，第二个是通过培训培训人员，为被迫流离失所的工匠提供社会企业启动方案，从而推动了人们普遍误解的社会企业模式。第三个重点是通过为被迫流离失所的工匠提供社会企业创业培训和指导。利益攸关方参与是该项目的一个主要重点，因此将在安曼-约旦举行介绍性活动和传播活动。介绍性活动将有助于消除对该项目目标的任何怀疑，传播活动将侧重于针对被迫流离失所者的研究、实践和政策制定。该项目将通过调查人员团队和项目合作伙伴的跨学科优势来实现。Haya Al-Dajani(首席调查员)带来了性别、企业和流离失所方面的专业知识，Geoff Wilson(联合调查员)是复原力方面的专家，Marta Rabikowska(联合调查员)是创意产业以及视觉和感官方法方面的专家。约旦合作伙伴侯赛因国王基金会信息和研究中心是一个国际公认的中心，侧重于通过研究、宣传和知识转让进行社会经济规划和转型。约旦的第二个合作伙伴提拉兹是一个独特的非营利性文化基金会和文化遗产研究中心，致力于促进和保护受威胁的阿拉伯文化遗产。

Prior to Syria's devastating civil war and escalating refugee crisis at least 12% of Syria's gross domestic product was generated by cultural heritage crafts (Jordan Times Online, 2016). Yet by 2015, approximately 80% of these artisans had left their trade, and fled to neighbouring states in search of safety and security (Jordan Times Online, 2016) resulting in a grave threat to Syria's cultural heritage. However, whilst there remains a marginal community of artisans in Syria, the forcibly displaced Syrian artisans in Jordan are reviving their cultural heritage crafts by operating in Jordan's informal economy and adopting economic and cultural survival strategies to create their own pathways and networks to provide a livelihood for themselves and their families. The vast majority of Syrian refugees are living in extreme poverty earning below the Jordanian poverty line equivalent to US$ 96 per person per month (UNHCR, 2016). They are living with minimal prospects for economic, social and cultural development and integration. This project addresses Jordan's development challenges arising from the burgeoning influx of forcibly displaced Syrians by exploring the resilience, vulnerabilities and identities of the forcibly displaced Syrian artisans residing in Jordan since the war in Syria erupted in 2011. Doing so will help us answer questions about the socio-political impact of engaging in cultural heritage crafts on the forcibly displaced Syrian community in Jordan, the impact of cultural appropriation through 'made in Jordan' Syrian cultural heritage products on the conservation of the Syrian cultural heritage by the forcibly displaced artisans, and the impact of displacement and the arising marginalised masculinities, on the resilience of neo-patriarchal displaced Arab communities. Indeed, focusing on their resilience will help us to understand how the forcibly displaced artisans overcome social, economic and political vulnerabilities, and thus, how they respond to economic and social upheaval. In doing so, we contribute to the rapidly growing resilience discourse which has largely ignored the resilience of forcibly displaced artisans, and forcibly displaced Syrians.Mixed methods will be used to collect data from multidisciplinary stakeholders and 80 forcibly displaced Syrian artisans residing in Jordan. In addition, the project has three capacity building components. The first is to enhance Jordan's social research capacity by training postdoctoral researchers, and the second advances the largely misunderstood social enterprise model by training trainers to deliver a social enterprise start up programme for forcibly displaced artisans. The third focuses on the forcibly displaced artisans by offering them social enterprise start up training and mentoring. Stakeholder engagement is a key focus of the project and thus an introductory event and dissemination event will be held in Amman - Jordan. The introductory event will help to alleviate any suspicions about the project's aims, and the dissemination event will focus on research, practice and policy development for the forcibly displaced.The project will be realised through the interdisciplinary strengths of the team of investigators and project partners. Haya Al-Dajani (Principle Investigator) brings a gender, enterprise and displacement expertise, whilst Geoff Wilson (Co-Investigator) is an expert on resilience and Marta Rabikowska (Co-Investigator) is an expert in the creative industries and visual and sensorial methods. The Jordanian Partner the King Hussein Foundation Information and Research Centre is an internationally recognised centre focused on socio-economic planning and transformation through research, advocacy and knowledge transfer. The second Jordanian Partner - Tiraz is a unique non-profit cultural foundation and cultural heritage research centre dedicated to promoting and preserving the threatened Arab cultural heritage.